Animal Diversity Lab III

1. Animal Diversity Lab III • Porifera—sponges • Cnideria—Jellies, corals, anenomes, etc. • Platyhelminthes—flat worms • Nematoda—round worms • Mollusca—molluscs • Annelida—segmented worms • Arthropoda—crustaceans, insects, spiders, etc. • Echinodermata—sea stars • Chordata

2. Echinoderms, Chordates Annelid worms Round- worms Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Mollusks Arthropods segmentation pseudocoelom coelom no coelom coelom, no molting animals that molt Jellies, coral, and sea anemones protostome Animals deuterostome animals animals with radial symmetry animals with bilateral symmetry animals with true tissues Protist ancestor of animals

3. Animal Diversity Lab II:ongoing trends • Porifera • Cnideria • Platyhelminthes • Nematoda • Mollusca • Annelida • Arthropoda • Echinodermata • Chordata asymmetry Radial symmetry One gut opening Bilateral w/ cephalization two gut openings same form of embryonic development

4. Protostome porifera-arthropoda spiral cleavage (division) mouth develops first Deuterostomes echinoderms & chordates radial cleavage (division) anus develops first Embryonic Development radial cleavage spiral cleavage this develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in dueterostomes

5. Embryonic Development

6. Echinodermata

7. Echinodermata • Body Plan • bilatteral larvae • “radial” adults • endoskeleton called a test • Motile • yes • move with tube feet (or hold in place) • Organ Systems • water vascular system for movement and internal transport • sea stars feed by everting stomachs • sea stars capable of regeneration • Reproduction: • External fertilization

8. Cordata:simple chordates Amphioxus (Lancelet) Tunicate (Sea Squirt) Filter Feeders

9. dorsal hollow nerve cord notochord pharyngeal slits/pouches post-anal tail Chordate Features/Characteristics: all chordates have these features at some point in development Pharyngeal slits

10. Chordata Groups • urochordata (sea squirts) • cephalachordata (lancelets) • verbrata: things with backbones/vertebrae • agnatha—jawless fish • chondrichthyes—cartilagenous fish • osteoitchyes—bony fish • amphibia—amphibians • reptilia—reptiles • aves—birds • mammalia--mammals Trend of increasing adaptation for life on land

11. Agnatha (jawless fish):lamprey & hag fish • jawless/no jaws • no paired fins • endoskeleton of cartilage • Breath with gills

12. Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish):Sharks, rays, skates • endoskeleton of cartilage • paired fins • has a jaw • breath with gills water exits through spiracles • oviparous and ovoviviparous (know what these terms mean) • internal fertilization. Males have claspers

13. Osteichthyes: bony fish • endoskeleton of bone • paired fins • gills covered by operculum • control buoyancy with swim bladder • Fins are more mobile then cartilagenous fish • external fertilization, large number of eggs helps ensure enough offspring survive

14. Amphibia (amphibians):frogs, toads, salamanders, newts • Tetrapod: 4 limbs • must lay eggs in water • aquatic young  metamorphosis  terrestrial adult • Adults with lungs • also breath through skin (but needs to be wet) • “semi” adapted to land • external fertilization

15. Reptilia (reptiles):turtles, tortoises, snakes, lizards, etc. • tetrapods: 4 legs • scales/ “waterproof” skin • breath with lungs • Amniotic egg that allows eggs to be laid on land • fully adapted to life on land

16. Aves: birds • Tetrapods: 4 limbs • 2 legs, 2 wings • amniotic egg • Feathers • other adaptations for flight? • List 3 functions of feathers • Endothermic • large lungs • 4 chambered heart Internal Fertilization

17. Mammalia: mammals • Tetrapods • mammary glands— DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC • specialized/different types of teeth • different diets=different combinations of teeth • Internal fertilization • endothermic • hair (or blubber) • large lungs • 4 chambered heart

18. Mammals: 3 subcategories • Monotremes • egg laying • Marsupial • give birth to poorly developed young that complete development in pouch • Placentals • give birth to fully developed young