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Animal Evolution & Diversity

Animal Evolution & Diversity . Chapter 26. Nonchordate Invertebrates. Sponges. Cnidarians. Phyla- Porifera (have pores) Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell walls Few specialized cells Clade - Meazoa. Phyla- Cnidaria Include: Jellyfishes, sea fans, sea anemones, hydras, corals

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Animal Evolution & Diversity

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  1. Animal Evolution & Diversity Chapter 26

  2. Nonchordate Invertebrates Sponges Cnidarians • Phyla- Porifera (have pores) • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • No cell walls • Few specialized cells • Clade- Meazoa • Phyla- Cnidaria • Include: Jellyfishes, sea fans, sea anemones, hydras, corals • carnivores • Radial symmetry • Stinging tenticles

  3. Nonchordate Invertebrates Arthropods Nematodes (roundworms) • Phylum- Arthropoda (joint feet) • Includes: spiders; centipedes; insects; and crustaceans (crabs) • Segmented body • Exoskeleton • Cephalization • Jointed appendages • Phylum- Nematoda • Include: nematodes, roundworms, unsegmented worms (pseudocoeloms) • Specialized tissues, organ systems

  4. Nonchordate Invertebrates Flatworms Annelids • Phylum- Platyhelminthes • Soft • Unsegmented • Flattened worms • Have tissues and internal organ systems • Bilateral symmetry • cephalization • Phylum- Annelida • Includes: earthworms, marine worms, parasites, bloodsucking leeches • Segmented • True coelom

  5. Nonchordate Invertebrates Mollusks Echinoderms • Phylum- Mollusca • Includes: snail, slugs, clams, squids, octopus • Soft-bodied • Internal or external shell • True coeloms • Complex organs • Produce larvae • Phylum- Echinodermata • Includes: sea stars, urchins, and san dollars • Spiny skin • Internal skeleton • Water vascular system • Five-part radial symmetry

  6. Chordates 26.2

  7. Reptiles • Evolved from ancient amphibians • First to evolve to dry conditions • Have dry, scaly skin • Well-developed lungs • Strong limbs • Shelled eggs that do NOT develop in water • Four groups of reptiles: lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara • Related to dinosours

  8. Amphibians • Live in water as larva, and land as adults • Vertebrates • Require water for reproduction • Have lungs (adults) • Moist skin (mucus glands) • No scales or claws

  9. Bony Fish • Have skeletons • Two groups of bony fish : Ray-finned and Lobe- Finned

  10. Birds • Considered reptiles that regulate their internal body temperature. • Have feathers • Two legs • Lightweight bones • Front limbs are wings

  11. Jawless fish • No jaws or teeth • Skeletons are made of cartilage • Include: lampreys and hagfishes • Lack vertebra • Have notochord

  12. Mammals • Mammary glands (produce milk) • Hair • Breathe air • Four-chambered heart • Maintain homeostasis (regulation of body temperature)

  13. Primate Evolution 26.3

  14. What is a Primate? • A mammal that has relatively long fingers and toes with nails instead of claw • Arms can rotate around the shoulder joints • Strong clavicle • Binocular vision (combine images from both eyes, providing 3D views ) • Well-developed cerebrum (“thinking” part of the brain allows complex behaviors)

  15. Hominie Evolution • Homonoids (include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzee, and humans) • Hominines (hominoids that led to humans) • Skull, neck, spinal column, hip bones, and leg bones of early hominine species changed shape in ways that enabled later species to walk upright (BIPEDAL) • Hand evolved an OPPOSABLE THUMB that can touch the tips of the fingers (enables grasping) • Evolved larger brains

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