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CROPPING SYSTEM dan crops-livestock production systems

CROPPING SYSTEM dan crops-livestock production systems. Artharini I. Cropping system. Pola dan praktek penanaman dalam suatu lahan Monoculture vs polyculture. Cropping Systems. 1. Monoculture (one crop) 2. Polyculture (many crops) a) crops separated in time: crop rotation, cover crops

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CROPPING SYSTEM dan crops-livestock production systems

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  1. CROPPING SYSTEMdan crops-livestock production systems Artharini I

  2. Cropping system • Poladanpraktekpenanamandalamsuatulahan • Monoculture vspolyculture

  3. Cropping Systems • 1. Monoculture (one crop) • 2. Polyculture (many crops) • a) crops separated in time: crop rotation, cover crops • b) crops at same land and time: intercropping/mixed cropping • c) combinations: relay cropping

  4. Intercropping

  5. Intercropping Row Mixed Smith et al., 2001

  6. Types of Intercropping • Mixtures of crops (no rows) • Alternate rows or strips • Relay cropping – 2nd crop planted during life cycle of first crop • May have various combinations of these !!

  7. 1.2. Pearl millet & Groundnut3. Buckwheat cover crop in potato cropping system

  8. Multilayer cropping system

  9. Multi storey crooping system

  10. Fig. 1. Barley, soybean, and corn crops in a 15 foot strip intercropping system in Northeast Iowa.

  11. Determining Intercrop Advantage –Land Equivalent Ratio • = amount of monocultured land needed to produce same yield as intercrop Photo: Thomas Wright Photo: P. E. Hildebrand

  12. Land Equivalent Ratio • = amount of monocultured land needed to produce same yield as intercrop Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture I1 I2 ---- + ---- M1 M2 LER = RY1 + RY2 =

  13. Land Equivalent Ratio • = amount of monocultured land needed to produce same yield as intercrop • If LER > 1 intercrop is more efficient • If LER < 1 monoculture is more efficient Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture I1 I2 ---- + ---- M1 M2 LER = RY1 + RY2 =

  14. LER example (kg/ha)

  15. Land Equivalent Ratio Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture I1 I2 ---- + ---- M1 M2 LER = RY1 + RY2 = Corn I/M = 3000/4000 Soybean I/M = 750/1000

  16. Land Equivalent Ratio I1 I2 ---- + ---- M1 M2 LER = RY1 + RY2 = LER = 3000/4000 + 750/1000 = 0.75 + 0.75 = 1.50 Corn Soybean

  17. Land Equivalent Ratio 0.5 + 0.5 is expected just based on land area 1.5 ha of land needed to produce same amount through monoculture LER = 3000/4000 + 750/1000 = 0.75 + 0.75 = 1.50 Corn Soybean

  18. Crops-livestock production system

  19. Sistemproduksitanaman & ternak • Integrasiygsalingmenguntungkanantara : 1. sistem tan. Pangan 2. ternak 3. tanamanpakanternak

  20. Baganinteraksi TANAMAN PANGAN PUPUK & TENAGA PUPUK & ME-I EROSI MULSA PAKAN PUPUK TERNAK TANAMAN PAKAN PAKAN

  21. Erosion Control

  22. Fungsiternak • Fungsifisik : mghasilkandaging, susu, telurdsb • Tenagakerja : pengolahanlahan • Manure ternaksbgpupuk, bahanbakardanbangunan • Tabungan : - long term saving - semi annual suplementary cash income (tambahan) : kambing, domba,babi - instant petty cash/home meat supply • Kelestarianlingkungan : penggunaanpupukkandangsebagaipupukuntukmencegahdegenerasilahandanmenjagaekosistemtanah

  23. Tujuanpemeliharaanternak • Akumulasi modal • Menguragiresiko, ternak < usahatanitanaman • Menyediakanjasa (tenagakerja,pupuk,bahanbakar) • Sumberpenghasilan • Menyediakanmakanan (produkternak) • Meningkatkan status/prestisepetani • Memenuhikebutuhankultural (sesajen, kurban,dll)

  24. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Integrated tree cropping system • Silvipastural system/agroforestry system • Intercropping (food-food intercropping) • Companion crop (food-feed intercropping) • Alley cropping • Relay cropping • Live fence system • Three Strata Forage system

  25. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Integrated tree cropping system Sistempenanamantanamanpohonsecaraterpadu. Contoh : 1. penanamantmt (rumputdanlegum) di perkebunankelapa 2. penanamantmtsemakataupohon sebagainaungandiperkebunan kopi dankakaoatauvanili

  26. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Silvipastural system/agroforestry system penanamantmtbersama-samadengantanamanhutanataupenanamantanamanhutanygbisadimanfaatkansebagaipakanternak. Contoh : - Penanamansesbania, leucaena, akasia,albiziadihutan - Penanamanrumputdibawah/sela2 tan. hutan

  27. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Intercropping (food-food intercropping) = tumpang sari = penanaman tan. Pangansecara bersama2 dg tan. Pangan lain Contoh : - tan. Padidanjagung - ketelapohondenganjagung - kedeledenganjagung - kedeledenganketelapohon

  28. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Companion crop (food-feed intercropping) penanamanta. Panganbersama-sama dg tmt. contoh : - padigogodenganjagungsbgpakanternak - padi-jagung dg stylo/desmodium

  29. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Alley cropping penanamantan.pangan / hortikulturadiantara 2 baristmt • Relay cropping Sistempenanamandimanasatu tan. Ditanamsblm tan. yg lain (pertama) dipanen Contoh : - padi/jagung dg kedele/kcghijau - ketelapohon dg jagung/padigogo

  30. Sistemintegrasitmtdlmsist. produksitanamandanternak • Live fence system Penanaman tan. Pakanternaksebagaipagarhidup (legumpohon) • Three Strata Forage system (STS)

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