Even Better than the Best Building Ever? The ZICER and Elizabeth Fry Low Energy Buildings

1. Even Better than the Best Building Ever? The ZICER and Elizabeth Fry Low Energy Buildings • Keith Tovey M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE • Energy Science Director: Low Carbon InnovationCentre • School of Environmental Sciences

3. Future Global Warming Rates

4. Government Response • Energy White Paper – aspiration for 60% cut in CO2 emissions by 2050 • Will require unprecedented partnership activity in local communities to ensure on track by 2020s (– but no indication of how this will be undertaken) “There will be much more localgeneration, in part from medium to small local/community power plant, fuelled by locally grown biomass, from locally generatedwaste, and from local wind sources. These will feed local distributed networks, which can sell excess capacity into the grid.’’ - Energy White Paper: February 2003

5. The CRed ambition To engage, enthuse and empower a large, diverse community to debate, plan and execute a programme to reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% by 2025 Can a local community take on the responsibility for starting to confront the challenge of climate change and make a difference? Or will it continue to be - someone/somewhere else? Can we encourage politicians/officials to be bolder on our behalf? “exemplar for the world”

6. On average each person in UK causes the emission of 9 tonnes of CO2 each year. How many people know what 9 tonnes of CO2 looks like? 5 hot air balloons per person per year. 4 million each year for Norfolk

7. Some facts: • A mobile phone charger left on even when not charging • up to 25 kg CO2 a year • Standby on television > 60 kg per year • Filling up with petrol (~£30 for a full tank) • --------- 90 kg of CO2 (5% of one balloon) • How far do you have to drive in a small family car (e.g. 1300 cc Toyota Corolla) to emit as much carbon dioxide as heating an old persons room for 1 hour • 1.6 miles

8. Effet de serre : East Anglia montre l’exemplelundi 15 septembre 2003, par collecte CND R.E. Un groupe de scientifiques de l’université d’East Anglia, à l’Est de l’Angleterre, a lancé une campagne pour accélérer la réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone de la région. Baptisée CRed (pour Carbon Reduction Project), cette initiative ambitionne d’aller deux fois plus vite que les prévisions gouvernementales. Le projet a été lancé en réaction au livre blanc sur l’énergie publié en février dans lequel le gouvernement s’était fixé comme objectif une diminution de 60% des émissions de ce polluant d’ici 2050. Les responsables de CRed veulent y parvenir dès 2025. Pour cela, Keith Tovey et ses collègues ont réussi à mobiliser entreprises locales et particuliers pour faire des économies d’énergie et installer des panneaux photovoltaïques sur les toits. La prochaine étape consiste à rallier l’Eglise anglicane à leur cause. Exposées plein sud, les églises ont en effet de larges toitures qui peuvent capter l’énergie du soleil. Or, la région d’East Anglia compte plus de 600 chapelles. Si les scientifiques sont conscients du peu d’impact sur le changement climatique de leur action, ils comptent cependant provoquer d’autres initiatives. Une délégation japonaise est déjà intéressée par le projet. En France, la commune de Chalon-sur-Saône a déjà mis en place une action similaire pour réaliser en trois ans l’engagement de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre pris par l’Europe sur dix ans. Pour lire notre article sur l’initiative de Chalon-sur-Saône.

9. ecologia e ambiente SULL’EFFETTO SERRA L’EAST ANGLIA DA’ L’ESEMPIO dalla redazione di Bruxelles Bruxelles, 15 settembre - Un gruppo di scienziati dell’università di East Anglia (Inghilterra) ha lanciato una campagna per accelerare la riduzione delle emissioni di anidride carbonica della regione. Battezzato CRed (Carbon Reduction Project), l’iniziativa ha l’ambizione di andare due volte più veloce delle previsioni governative. Il progetto (http://www.cred-uk.org/index.aspx) è stato lanciato il reazione al Libro Bianco sull’energia pubblicato in febbraio nel quale il governo britannico aveva fissato come obiettivo una diminuzione del 60% delle emissioni di CO2 entro il 2025. Per riuscire nell’impresa, Keith Tovey e i suoi colleghi sono riusciti a mobilitare le aziende locali e i cittadini per avviare programmi di efficienza e risparmio energetico e installare pannelli fotovoltaici. La prossima tappa consiste nel convincere la Chiesa anglicana a dar loro il suo sostegno. Esposte in pieno sud, le chiese hanno infatti grandi tetti che sono ideali per installare impianti che captano energia solare, e nella regione di East Anglia ci sono più di 600 tra chiese e cappelle. Benché gli scienziati siano coscienti dello scarso impatto della loro iniziativa sul cambiamento climatico, contano tuttavia di promuovere altre iniziative. Una delegazione giapponese si è già interessata al progetto. Indice ecologia e ambiente

10. Ida-Anglia näitab maailmale eeskuju süsihappegaasierituse piiramisel27/08/03 07:49:56Arni Alandi Rühm Suurbritannia Ida-Anglia teadlasi algatas suurejoonelise kampaania tulemaks toime üleilmse kliimasoojenemise ohuga ning häbistamaks ministreid, kes kliimamuutuse ärahoidmiseks liiga vähe ette on võtnud. Teadlased on endale püstitanud aukartustäratava ülesande: vähendada piirkonna süsihappegaasi õhkupaiskamist poole lühema aja jooksul valitsuse määratud graafikust. Esmapilgul võib Credi nime kandev projekt tunduda mittemidagiütleva mõttetusena. Ühendkuningriigi teadlased usuvad, et nii see siiski pole, sest projekti taga seisavad väga väärikad ja tunnustatud teadlased. Ida-Anglia ülikooli keskkonnateaduste õppetooli peetakse parimaks omataoliseks kogu Suurbritannias. Kateedrit juhivad Keith Tovey ja tema kolleegid. “Kui keegi nii julge lubaduse täitmisega hakkama saab, siis just Tovey rühm” on Dennis Thouless, firma Global Commodities juht, kindel. Thoulessi firma kogub kohalikelt ettevõtteilt kasutatud toiduõli, et seda autokütuseks töödelda. Cred loodi vastusena valitsuse veebruaris välja antud “valgele energeetikapaberile”. Dokumendis tõotab valitsus vähendada süsihappegaasieritust 2050. aastaks 60 protsendi võrra. Tovey sõnul on valitsuse “valgele paberile” kirja pandud üsna kenad mõtted ja kogu dokument kõlab hästi. Paraku pole kodanikele antud ühtki juhist, kuidas kirjapandud kauneid mõtteid ellu viia. Et segadust veelgi suurendada, on “valge paberi” sihtide saavutamiseks üheaegselt käibel mitmeid tegevuskavu. Tagajärjeks on väga suur tähelepanu kasvuhoonegaasiemissioonide vähendamisele samaaegselt igasuguste praktiliste juhiste puudumisega.

11. Main Energy Conservation Projects at UEA • Constable Terrace/ Nelson Court Student Residences • Elizabeth Fry Building • Combined Heat and Power • School of Medicine • ZICER Building • The Future • Absorption Chilling

12. Constable Terrace - 1993

13. Constable Terrace – Key Points • Four Storey Student Residence • Divided into “houses” of 10 units each with en-suite facilities • Common Room/ Kitchen for each house • Each house has a mechanical heat recovering Air Handling • Unit which recovers much of the heat from cooking, • appliance use, body heat etc. • Fresh Air is fed via the AHUs for heating, and additional • heat is provided electrically • Individual rooms are provided with small 250W panel • supplementary heaters

14. Constable Terrace – Key Points • Constructed in 1992/1993 • 100mm insulation on floor – U value 0.18 W m-2 K • [ Standard U – Value at time 0.45 W m-2 K (0.25 W m-2 Kin 2002)] • Walls: 2 leaves of lightweight concrete blocks with 100 mineral • fibre cavity insulation – U value (0.22 W m-2 K) • [ Standard U – Value at time 0.45 W m-2 K (0.35 W m-2 Kin 2002)] • Roof: 200 mm insulation – U value (0.15 W m-2 K) • [ Standard U – Value at time 0.25 W m-2 K (0.16 W m-2 Kin 2002)] • Specified pressure test at 50 Pa – 1 ach ~ 0.05 ach @ normal pressure • [ actual performance – 2 ach – but much better than conventional buildings]

15. Constable Terrace Comparison of Constable Terrace with DOE standards

16. The Elizabeth Fry Building

17. The Elizabeth Fry Building • Termodeck Construction • Air is circulated through whole fabric of building • Heated using a normal domestic heating boiler (24 kW) • No heat supply needed at temperatures as cool as 9oC • Triple glazing with Low Emissivity Glass ~ quadruple glazing • 180 mm insulated cavity • 300 mm roof insulation • 100 mm floor insulation • Air – Pressure Test at 50 Pa – not to exceed 1.0 ach • Actual performance 0.97 ach • Has deteriorated slightly since 1996 • Uses regenerative Heat Exchangers 85% with heat recovery

19. Stale Air Fresh Air Stale Air Fresh Air Operation of Regenerative Heat Exchangers

20. Winter heating • Experience shows that slab pre-heating is usually unnecessary – when used – often results in excess heat expelled later in day by AHUs • Summer Cooling • Slab temperature > 2oC above ambient • Cool air at night is circulated around slab to cool building • No air-conditioning required • In early years performance was not optimised • In later years energy efficiency has improve • even though air-tightness has deteriorated

21. Energy Consumption in Elizabeth Fry The performance of the building has improved with time Heating provided by domestic sized boilers. Energy requirement 20% of good practice for Academic Buildings.

22. Elizabeth Fry: Carbon Dioxide Emissions and User Satisfaction 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ECON 19 Good Practice Type 3 Office kg/m2/annum Elizabeth Fry gas electricity carbon dioxide emissions 96 Elizabeth Fry User Satisfaction thermal comfort +28% air quality +36% lighting +25% noise +26% 44 An energy efficient building reduces carbon dioxide AND is a better building to work in.

23. The ZICER Building Zuckerman Institute for Connective Environmental Research • Follows the tradition of the Elizabeth Fry Building • Uses Termodeck construction • Draws heat from University Heating Main • Has a 34 kW array of Photo Voltaic cells on top floor and roof

24. ZICER Construction

25. ZICER Construction

26. ZICER Construction Ducts in floor slab

27. Installation of Solar Panels

28. Projected Performance of ZICER Elizabeth Fry performance has improved over years. ZICER will be better and less than 70% of emissions of mid 90’s best practice building Photovoltaic cells will generate ~ 30 kW and save 20 tonnes CO2 per annum.

29. Performance of Elizabeth Fry and ZICER

30. UEA Combined Heat and Power Scheme 86% Efficient

31. UEA CHP Scheme • Until 1999 most heat for space heating was supplied by large boilers • Primary main temperature ~ 110 – 120oC • All electricity imported • Energy bill was in excess of £1 million per year • Three 1 MWe generators are now installed • Provide the majority of the electricity for the campus • Export electricity at periods of low demand • Waste heat is used a primary heat source • Supplemented by existing boilers • CHP has reduced that figure by £400 000 per year

32. Actual Financial Performance

33. CHP Review • Installation of CHP units reduced carbon dioxide emissions by around • 8000 tonnes or 35%. • Reduced primary heating main temperature > lower distribution losses • Extends the life of the boiler house plant, • In summer • Heat Dump fans must be used to remove excess heat • The heat demand in summer dictates how much electricity can be • generated • In summer • Increased demand for cooling of scientific equipment • Plans are currently under way to install a 1MW absorption chiller

34. CHP Review Saving in CO2 emissions as a result of CHP - 4824 tonnes CO2 or 31.9% Equivalent to 2680 hot air balloons. [Note: UEA expanded during time and consumption increased so CO2 savings are really higher than this].

35. Desorber Heat from external source Heat Exchanger W ~ 0 High Temperature High Pressure Heat rejected Absorber Condenser Throttle Valve Evaporator Low Temperature Low Pressure Heat extracted for cooling Absorption Heat Pump

36. Concluding Remarks • UEA has been leading the way with energy conservation. • Technically • Constable Terrace • Elizabeth Fry • ZICER • CHP • Absorption Chilling • CRed is pioneering was in which to reduced carbon dioxide emissions • Building partnerships • Education • Working in an integrated way

37. WEBSITE www.cred-uk.org/ This Presentation may be viewed on the WEB at www2.env.uea.ac.uk/cred/creduea.htm