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The Growth of European Kingdoms

Chapter 9 Sect 3. The Growth of European Kingdoms. Europe 1160 ad. The norman conquest. These Germanic people from Northern Europe had invaded England early in the 5 th c. Anglo-Saxons.

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The Growth of European Kingdoms

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  1. Chapter 9 Sect 3 The Growth of European Kingdoms

  2. Europe 1160 ad

  3. The norman conquest

  4. These Germanic people from Northern Europe had invaded England early in the 5th c. Anglo-Saxons

  5. On October 14, 1066, an army of knights under William of Normandylanded on the coast of England and defeated the last of the Anglo-Saxon kings at the Battle of Hastings William: King of England

  6. William was then crowned king of England William made all nobles swear an oath of loyalty to him as sole ruler of England

  7. The Norman ruling class spoke French, but the marriage of the Normans with the Anglo-Saxons nobility gradually merged the two into a new English culture English Emerges

  8. The power of the English monarchy was enlarged during the reign of Henry II, from 1154-1189 By expanding the power of the royal courts, Henry expanded the king’s power Henry II

  9. A body of common law– law that was common to the whole kingdom- began to replace law codes that varied from place to place

  10. Many English nobles resented the ongoing growth of the king’s power and rose in rebellion during the reign of King John The Magna Carta

  11. In 1215, John was forced to put his seal on a document of rights called the Magna Carta, or the “ Great Charter”

  12. Feudal custom always recognized that the relationship between Kings and vassals was based on mutual rights and obligations

  13. The Magna Carta gave written recognition to that fact and was used in later years to strengthen the idea that a monarch’s power was limited, NOT absolute

  14. During the reign of Edward I, (13th c) a representative government known as the English Parliament emerged The First Parliament

  15. The Parliament was composed of two knights from every county, two people from every town, and all the nobles and bishops throughout England.

  16. Eventually, the nobles and church lords formed the House of Lords ; knights and townspeople, the House of Commons These Parliaments granted taxes and passed laws

  17. Chapter 9 Sect 4 The byzantine Empire & the Crusades

  18. Leader of the Eastern Roman Empire All centered around Constantinople He restored the land of the entire Roman Empire Most important contributions was his codification of Roman Law The reign of justinian

  19. From eastern roman empire to byzantine empire After re-establishing the Roman Empire, he left the Eastern Roman with serious problems Too much land to protect Empty treasury Decline in population Most serious was the Islamic World

  20. From eastern roman empire to byzantine empire Islamic forces defeated an army at Yarmuk and took over Syria and Palestine. These lands were transformed into Islamic territory and many Christians converted

  21. From eastern roman empire to byzantine empire “The Crusades” – A religious movement Reason: Regain the Holy Land from the Muslims

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