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Get the benefits of user indexes, tailor-made inquiries, speed, flexibility, and more current updates with electronic and printed tax services. Find information and documents easily.
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Electronic and Printed Tax Services Chapter 6
Computer Tax Services Benefits • User indexes, using any significant term • Can tailor the inquiry to fit any specific tax problem • Speed and flexibility, including hypertext linking • Updates more current • Broad availability of information and documents
Published v. Electronic • PublishedElectronic • Annotated Service √ • Topical Service √ • Everything √ • Currency√ • Index √ • Browsing √ • Full-text search √
Major Electronic Tax Service Providers • RIA Checkpoint • CCH Tax Research Network • Kleinrock TaxExpert
The First Step • Formulate the issue • Is it a question of deductibility? • If so, what kind of outlay is it? • What is the nature of the outlay that places its status in doubt? • Is it a business expense, page 2, other? • Do you already know the controlling IRC §
The Issue • Is the $1,000 payment to Vendor on February 22 deductible? – will get you nowhere • Is the purchase of a processor at a cost of $1,000 deductible as a business expense? – better • Is the $1,000 purchase of a processor deductible as a business expense under IRC §162? – better, if you already know the controlling IRC § • Is the $1,000 purchase of a processor deductible as a business expense under IRC §162, or must it be capitalized under IRC §263A? - better
The Issue (cont’d) • Does the $1,000 cost of a processor qualify as a deduction under IRC §179? • Much depends upon how much you already know about the controlling law, if any, when you begin your search • To begin with, some key works might be – • processor – deductible - capitalize
The Beginning of the Search • Three search methods, depending upon how much you know about the controlling law • Keyword keyword search (obviously • IRC § cite search • Case name cite search • Content
Published Tax Services Annotated Tax Services • CCH – Standard Federal Tax Reporter • RIA – United States Tax Reporter • Organized by IRC § • Hard copy “compilations” • Search by • Keyword – Index • Topic or Subject • Code Section • Case Name
Published Tax Services Annotated Tax Services Code Section Organization • Service Annotation (not-authoritative) • Code section • Regulations • Other authorities • Cases • Revenue Rulings • Etc.
Published Tax Services Topical Tax Services Subject matter or transactions • RIA’s Federal Tax Coordinator 2d • RIA’s Analysis of Federal Taxes: Income (Analysis) • BNA’s Tax Management Portfolios (Portfolios) • West’s Mertens Law of Federal Income Taxation (Mertens)
IRS’s Website • Lots of info • Forms • Publications • Practitioner’s (info specifically needed by practitioners) www.irs.gov
Electronic and Printed Legal Services (Secondary Authorities) Chapter 7
Electronic Legal Services • LexisNexis • BNA (Bureau of National Affairs) • Tax Management Portfolios • TaxCore – daily news service • Tax Analysts – very comprehensive • TaxBase • Tax Notes Today • Westlaw • Mertens – Law of Federal Income Taxation • Bittker & Loken Service
Tax PeriodicalsSecondary Authorities • Annual proceedings • Scholarly reviews • Professional journals • Newsletters
Tax Periodicals Annual Proceedings Annual tax professionals’ conferences • NYU Institute on Federal Taxation • University of Chicago Law School’s Annual Federal Tax Conference • USC’s Major Tax Planning Institute • Tulane Tax Institute • Penn State Tax Conference
Tax Periodicals Scholarly Reviews Law and business schools’ law review or academic journal publications • Tax Law Review by NYU School of Law • Virginia Tax Review by University of Virginia School of Law • Boston University Journal of Tax Law / BU • Florida Tax Reviewby U of Florida
Tax Periodicals Professional Tax Journals • AICPA’s Tax Adviser • ABA Section on Taxation’s Tax Lawyer • Warren, Gorham & Lamont’s • Journal of Taxation • Taxation for Accountants • Journal of Partnership Taxation • CCH’s Taxes
Tax Periodicals Tax Newsletters • CCH’s • Tax News Direct • Taxes on Parade • BNA’s Daily Tax Report • Tax Analysts’ • Tax Base • Tax Notes