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AUDIENCE Lesson aim: learners will be able to relate audience theories to their productions. WHY?. What affects do you think these films had on a passive audience?. Give some examples of why we watch television. Information
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AUDIENCE Lesson aim: learners will be able to relate audience theories to their productions
What affects do you think these films had on a passive audience?
Information • finding out about relevant events and conditions in immediate surroundings, society and the world • seeking advice on practical matters or opinion and decision choices • satisfying curiosity and general interest • learning; self-education • gaining a sense of security through knowledge • Personal Identity • finding reinforcement for personal values • finding models of behaviour • identifying with valued other (in the media) • gaining insight into one's self • Integration and Social Interaction gaining insight into circumstances of others; social empathy • identifying with others and gaining a sense of belonging • finding a basis for conversation and social interaction • having a substitute for real-life companionship • helping to carry out social roles • enabling one to connect with family, friends and society
Entertainment • escaping, or being diverted, from problems • relaxing • getting intrinsic cultural or aesthetic enjoyment • filling time • emotional release • sexual arousal (McQuail 1987: 73)
Richard Kilborn (1992: 75-84) • A major focus for research into why and how people watch TV has been the genre of soap opera. Adopting a U & G perspective, Richard Kilborn (1992: 75-84) offers the following common reasons for watching soaps: • regular part of domestic routine and entertaining reward for work • launchpad for social and personal interaction • fulfilling individual needs: a way of choosing to be alone or of enduring enforced loneliness • identification and involvement with characters (perhaps cathartic) • escapist fantasy (American supersoaps more fantastical) • focus of debate on topical issues • a kind of critical game involving knowledge of the rules and conventions of the genre
McQuail, Blumler and Brown (1972) • Gratifications of TV Quiz Shows: Selected ResponsesSelf-Rating Appeal • I can compare myself with the experts • I like to imagine that I am on the programme and doing well • I feel pleased that the side I favour has actually won • I am reminded of when I was in school • I laugh at the contestants’ mistakesBasis for Social Interaction • I look forward to talking about it with others • I like competing with other people watching with me • I like working together with the family on the answers • The children get a lot out of it • It brings the family together sharing the same interest
It is a topic of conversation afterwardsExcitement Appeal • I like the excitement of a close finish • I like to forget my worries for a while • I like trying to guess the winner • Having got the answer right I feel really good • I get involved in the competitionEducational Appeal • I find I know more than I thought • I find I have improved myself • I feel respect for the people on the programme • I think over some of the questions afterwards • It’s educational
Useful websites • http://hallcrossmedia.wordpress.com/2011/01/26/audience/