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Section 3. Metric System Conversions Mixed Solvents Camphor Water. Kilo (k). x10. ÷ 10. Hecto (h) . ÷ 10. x10. Deka (D/da). x10. ÷ 10. Gram or liter or meter ( g ) – ( l ) – (m). x10. ÷ 10. Deci (d). x10. ÷ 10. Centi (c). x10. ÷ 10. Milli (m). x1000. ÷ 1000.
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Section 3 • Metric System • Conversions • Mixed Solvents • Camphor Water
Kilo (k) x10 ÷ 10 Hecto (h) ÷ 10 x10 Deka (D/da) x10 ÷ 10 Gram or liter or meter ( g ) – ( l ) – (m) x10 ÷ 10 Deci (d) x10 ÷ 10 Centi(c) x10 ÷ 10 Milli(m) x1000 ÷ 1000 Micro (µ) x1000 ÷ 1000 Nano (n)
Measure of length: Meteris the fundamental unit. **
How to reduce to lower or higher denomination: Examples: • Reduce 1.23 kg to grams 1.23kg=1.23 x103 =1.23x1000 =1230 g • Reduce 85 µm to cm 85 µm = 0.085mm = 0.0085cm
To add or substract:1) reduce them to a common denomination2)arrange numbers for addition or subtraction as ordinary decimals. • Example: Total wt of substances in a capsule: 0.075 g = 20 mg = 0.0005 g = 4 mg = 500 mcg = = 0.075g 0.020g 0.0005g 0.004 g 0.0005g 0.100 g=100 mg
To multiply or divide: • Example: Multiply 820 ml by 12.5 & express the result in liters 820 x 12.5 =10250 ml =10250/1000=10.250 L
The dose of a drug is 1/10 gr. per kg. of body weight. How many milligramsshould be given to a person weighing 154 lb.? • 1 kg 2.2 lb ?? 154 lb Wt of the person =1x154/2.2 = 70 kg • 1/10 gr 1 kg ?? gr 70 kg The dose for this person = 70 x 1/10 =7 gr. • 1 gr 65 mg7 gr ?? mg the required dose = 65 x 7 = 455 mg
F= 50/100 Mixed Solvents Rx Phenobarbital Orange oil Alcohol Glycerin Sucrose Water q.s. • Fiat: Elixir • Mitte: 50 ml • Sig: ℨio.n. • Uses: Sedative in epilepsy. 0.4 gm 0.1 ml 25.6 ml 35 ml 12 gm 100 ml 0.2 gm 0.05 ml 12.8 ml 17.5 ml 6 gm 50 ml Sedative Flavoring agent Solvent Cosolvent Sweetening agent Vehicle
5) In dry cup measure add 12.8 ml alcohol 6) Dissolve Phenobarbital 7) Add 1 drop of the orange oil 8) Add Glycerin, Stir slowly and 8 wise (Alcoholic solution) Procedure: 1) In a beaker add 15 ml water.??? 2) dissolve Sucrose 3) Filter (if necessary) (Aqueous solution) 7) Add aqueous solution to the alcoholic solution portion wise with continuous stirring slowly and 8 wise. (clear solution) 8)Adjust volume with water. 50 ml
Label: The Elixir One teaspoonful to be taken every night.
N.B. • Why the aqueous solution is added to the alcoholic solution ? To prevent volatility of alcohol and to prevent precipitation of substances dissolved in alcohol on dilution.
Camphor Water ℞ Camphor 0.1 gm Alcohol 1.5 ml Purified water to 100 ml Uses: carminative internally & antiseptic & anaestheticin eye lotion.
N.B. • Camphor is soluble only 1 in 700 of water, Camphor is very soluble in alcohol. • The addition of the alcoholic solution to water yield a finely-divided precipitate of camphor, which in this condition, passes into solution more quickly then camphor simply powdered.
Procedure: Dissolve the camphor in alcohol (dry measure) Water 98.5 ml (Check tightness of the screw cap before use) Add alcoholic solution of camphor in small portions (2 drops by 2 drops) to water each addition followed by vigorous shaking Clear solution
Label: The Camphor Water [ E.P.]