PBS Review of Big Ideas

1. PBS Review of Big Ideas pbis.org swis.org

2. Big Idea • Educational leaders must strive to lead and support development of sustainable and positive school climates • The goal is to establish host environments that support adoption and sustained use of evidence-based practices(Zins & Ponte, 1990)

3. Positive School Climate • Academic engagement and achievement are maximized • Rates of rule violating behavior are minimized • Acts of respectful and responsible behaviors are encouraged • School functions are more efficient, effective, and relevant • Supports for students with disabilities and those placed at risk of educational failure are improved

4. “Positive Behavior Support” PBS is a broad range of systemic and individualized strategies for achieving important social and learning outcomes while preventing problem behavior with all students. “EBS” = “PBS” = “PBIS” etc.

5. Social Competence and Academic Achievement Positive Behavior Support OUTCOMES Supporting Decision Making Supporting Staff Behavior DATA SYSTEMS PRACTICES Supporting Student Behavior

6. PBS is • Not a specific practice or curriculum…it’s a general approach to preventing problem behavior • Not limited to any particular group of students…it’s for all students • Not new…it’s based on a long history of behavioral practices and effective instructional design and strategies

7. Challenge…increasing schools’ capacity to… • Respond effectively, efficiently, and relevantly to a range of problem behaviors observed in schools • Adopt, fit, integrate, and sustain research-based behavioral practices • Give priority to unified agenda of prevention • Engage in team-based problem solving

8. Inter-related, Competing National Goals • Improve literacy, math, geography, science, etc. • Make schools safe, caring, and focused on teaching and learning • Improve student character and citizenship • Provide a free and appropriate education for all • Prepare a viable workforce • Affect incidence and prevalence of high risk, antisocial behavior • Leave No Child Behind • Etc….

9. School-wide Positive Behavior Support Systems Classroom Setting Systems Nonclassroom Setting Systems Individual Student Systems School-wide Systems

10. School-wide and Classroom-wide Systems 1. Common purpose and approach to discipline 2. Clear set of positive expectations and behaviors 3. Procedures for teaching expected behavior 4. Continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior 5. Continuum of procedures for discouraging inappropriate behavior 6. Procedures for on-going monitoring and evaluation

11. Classroom Management Systems • Behavior and classroom management • Classroom-wide positive expectations taught and encouraged • Teaching classroom routines and cues taught and encouraged • Ratio of 6-8 positive to 1 negative adult-student interaction • Active supervision • Redirections for minor, infrequent behavior errors • Frequent precorrections for chronic errors

12. Instructional management • Selection • Modification and design • Presentation and delivery • Environmental management

13. Specific Setting Systems • Positive expectations and routines taught and encouraged • Active supervision by all staff • Scan, move, interact • Precorrections and reminders • Positive reinforcement

14. Individual Student Systems • Behavioral competence at school and district levels • Function-based behavior support planning • Team- and data-based decision making • Comprehensive person-centered planning and wraparound processes • Targeted social skills and self-management instruction • Individualized instructional and curricular accommodations

15. Emphasis on Prevention • Primary • Reduce new cases of problem behavior • Secondary • Reduce current cases of problem behavior • Tertiary • Reduce complications, intensity, severity of current cases

16. Tertiary Prevention: Specialized Individualized Systems for Students with High-Risk Behavior CONTINUUM OF SCHOOL-WIDE INSTRUCTIONAL & POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT ~5% Secondary Prevention: Specialized Group Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior ~15% Primary Prevention: School-/Classroom- Wide Systems for All Students, Staff, & Settings ~80% of Students

17. Academic Systems Behavioral Systems • Tertiary Interventions • Individual Students • Assessment-based • High Intensity • Tertiary Interventions • Individual Students • Assessment-based • Intense, durable procedures • Secondary Interventions • Some students (at-risk) • High efficiency • Rapid response • Secondary Interventions • Some students (at-risk) • High efficiency • Rapid response • Primary Interventions • All students • Preventive, proactive • Primary Interventions • All settings, all students • Preventive, proactive Designing School-wide Systems for Student Success 1-5% 1-5% 5-10% 5-10% 80-90% 80-90%

18. Science of Human Behavior • Behavior is learned • Behavior occurrences are linked to environmental factors • Behavior change occurs through manipulation of environmental factors

19. Local Context and Culture • Consider characteristics of local stakeholders • Families, businesses, students, staff members, etc. • Consider relationship between school and community • Maximize use of natural implementers

20. Evidence-based Practices • Outcome-based • Monitoring of effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, and durability • Function-based approach

21. Active Administrative Participation • Active member of leadership team • Gives initiative priority • Invests in 2-3 year implementation

22. Emphasize data-based evaluation • Self-assessment and action planning • Continuous self-improvement • Strengths and needs • Strategic dissemination

23. Implementation challenges • Multiple, overlapping, and competing initiatives • Overemphasis on conceptualization, structure, and process • Underemphasis on data-based decision making • Failure to build competence for accurate and sustained implementation • Reluctance to eliminate practices and systems that are not effective, efficient, and relevant • Low rates of regular positive acknowledgements and celebrations

24. Implementation Levels State District School Classroom Student

25. PBS Organizational Logic Visibility Political Support Funding Leadership Team Active Coordination Evaluation Training Coaching Local School Teams/Demonstrations