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Cell Growth and Division

Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle and Mitosis. . When to Divide?. Diffusion is a limiting factor Works well over short distances Takes too long to travel far Surface area to volume ratio All nutrients and waste must cross the cell membrane

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Cell Growth and Division

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  1. Cell Growth and Division The cell cycle and Mitosis.

  2. When to Divide? • Diffusion is a limiting factor • Works well over short distances • Takes too long to travel far • Surface area to volume ratio • All nutrients and waste must cross the cell membrane • Larger the cell the smaller the surface area to volume ratio (A larger cell produces more waste, but has less surface area for it to get out of) • DNA is a limiting factor • Most cells have 1 nucleus and 1 set of DNA • If the cell is too Big one copy of the DNA is not enough to make enough proteins for a large cell

  3. Diffusion and cell size • Materials move through cells by diffusion. Oxygen and food move into cells, while waste products move out of cells. • The size of a cell affects how efficiently materials get to all parts of a cell. • The larger the cell the less efficient transport of materials across the cell membrane is.

  4. Surface Area (length x width x 6) Volume (length x width x height) Ratio of Surface Area to Volume Surface area to Volume Ratio • The higher the surface area to volume ratio the easier it is to get nutrients to the cell

  5. Prokaryotic cell division • Binary fission • DNA replicates • No organelles to multiply • Cell divides cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA • Cell wall divides two cells

  6. G1 phase M phase S phase G2 phase The Cell Cycle

  7. Interphase • Interphase is when the cell is not dividing, but is going about its normal daily business. Ex. Nerve cells send messages, muscle cells contract. • G1- cell growth and day to day life • S -Synthesis- DNA is replicating • G2 –prepare for cell division, make extra copies of organelles so both daughter cells will get all the organelles.

  8. Root words • Look up what the following word pre-fixes mean • Inter- • Pro- • Meta- • Ana- • Telo-

  9. Root Words… Defined • Inter-Between, the cell is between divisions • Pro-Greek, from pro, before, before cells divide they must prepare. • Meta-Greek, from meta, beside, Chromosomes are side by side • Ana- Backward, Chromosomes are pulled back • Telo-From Greek telos, end

  10. Spindle forming Centrioles Centriole Centromere Nuclear envelope Chromatin Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Individual chromosomes Nuclear envelope reforming Correct order… Prophase Interphase Cytokinesis Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

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