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Lets Play Who Wants to be a Millioniare. 10 $1,000,000 9 $500,000 8 $250,000 7 $125,000 6 $64,000 5 $32,000 4 $16,000 3 $8,000 2 $4,000 1 $2,000. Q1:What does representation acknowledge?. The innate truth in texts. Texts are devoid of context.
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10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 Q1:What does representation acknowledge? The innate truth in texts Texts are devoid of context Meaning is not constructed The social construction of texts
10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 History: personal/collective experience Memory: document past History: document past Memory: personal/collective experience History: Factual accounts Memory: devoid of emotion History: Devoid of emotion Memory: Objective Q2: Which above model best describes how history and memory are traditionally represented? White Yellow Orange Blue
In Thai Binh (Peace) Province 10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 I’ve used up all my film on bombed hospitals, bombed village schools, the scattered lemon-yellow cocoons at the bombed silk-factory, Q3:What is the effect on the representation of the Vietnam War by describing the hospital, school, factory as being destroyed? represents the effectiveness of the war represents the destruction of innocence that war causes Symbolises the positive attributes of war Depicts the tough decisions generals must make
Splendid! The poem depicts the Vietnam War through a negative representation. It achieves this by evoking images of destroyed places that strongly symbolise peace. The poem ironically discusses that the speaker wants to forget these memories however their attempts through juxtaposition only serve to cement them into the mind of the responder. Thus the feelings of repulsion that we feel when we imagine these images are transferred to the cause of the destruction; namely the Vietnam War
10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 …The scattered lemon-yellow cocoons at the bombed silk-factory Q4: What technique is used in the above quote and what tone does it have on the representation of the Vietnam War? Personification, destruction life, negative tone Personification, rebirth, positive tone Metaphor, destruction life, negative tone Metaphor, rebirth, positive tone
You’re a Clever Cookie! ‘Lemon-yellow cocoon’ metaphorically alludes to the corpses surrounding the bombed out factory. Cocoons are empty shells and evokes images of death and decay. Cocoons also suggest the potential of life which the war has prevented. ‘Lemon-yellow’ serves to show the sourness of war. The overall tone is negative conveying the Vietnam War as devoid of life.
10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 So I’ll use my dry burning eyes to photograph within me dark sails of the river boats, warm slant of afternoon light… and a boy and small bird both perched, relaxed, on a quietly grazing buffalo. Another child with its feet blown off, a girl, this one, eleven years old, patient and bewildered in her home, a fragile small house of mud bricks among rice fields. Q5: The poem uses juxtaposition to cause an emotional response towards the destruction of the war. However the speaker admits that they will only select one memory to keep. What effect does this have on the concept of memory? Questions its reliability Questions its objectivity Questions its validity All of the above
A Time Past 10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 The old steps live only in me: my feet and thighs remember them, and my hands still feel their splinters. The wooden step acts as a metaphor for the speaker’s memory of a past love. What tone is created in the above extract through the word ‘splinters’? Humorous Melancholy Happiness Anguish
You Ain’t Wrong! The speaker’s admission that memory is selected and that some memories are repressed calls into question the validity of memory. However it is interesting that despite this admission both memories are actually published and in fact give a fuller representation of Vietnam and the war.
10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 those wooden steps are gone now, decayed, replaced with granite, hard, gray, and handsome. Q7:What is the effect of the personification of the granite as ‘handsome’ have on the meaning of the poem? represents her husbands change in love towards her That the steps looks nice That the steps represents her desire for change That her husbands love has increased overtime
Amazing! The steps are also used to signify the historical significance of the event for the speaker. The ‘ancient’ wooden stairs being replaced by granite steps is reminiscent of the change of historical periods. Levertov is thus representing personal experience (the domain of Memory) as important and valid as History.
Viewer question • Your task is to write 200 words on the below question and bring it in by next lesson. Best answer will win a prize. • ‘A Time Past’ is depicting the memory of a personal event (i.e. breakdown in marriage). Does Levertov’s representation of the event increase the validity of the concept of memory? How does she achieve/not achieve this? (Make reference to at least two techniques and their effect)
A Letter to Marek about a Photograph 10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 In houses like these your family of millions, Polacks, Wops, Scotch-Irish, people shut now into ‘projects,’ What effect does the hyperbole have on the representation of history and memory in the above extract? That history isolates people That he has a big family History is a collective experience That family is more important than friends
Top of the Class! Levertov blurs the lines of what is history and what is memory. The hyperbole is used to create a shared identity amongst those that are marginalised. Moreover memories are validated as being able to produce the unwritten history of the oppressed.
10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 What effect does the ‘Letter to Marek’ being written as a poem have on the concept of literary genre? Traditional models of genre should be adhered to Genre is constructed and can be subverted Genre should limit composers Composers should not subvert genre
Magnificent ! The purpose of Marek’spoetry is depicted as being a tool to record a marginalised peoples’ history; blurring the lines between the supposed ‘distinct’ constructs of history and memory. This is corroborated by the fact that this is supposed to be a ‘letter’ to Marek however it does not adhere to the structural elements of a letter. Hence it serves to symbolise the blurring of genre/conceptual frameworks and the purpose of texts literary production.
to lift griefs out of the blind pit of unknowing, placing glass and mercury under the tongue of dreams – magical quick silver that measures the fever it is to be human. 10 $1,000,0009 $500,0008 $250,0007 $125,0006 $64,0005 $32,0004 $16,0003 $8,0002 $4,0001 $2,000 What effect does the metaphor of thermometer and the personification of human ideals have on the representation of history? Suggests that poetry dilutes historical truth Alludes to the negative impact of poverty Symbolises the empowerment that poetry provides when it records history Symbolises the speakers disillusionment of poetry to tell history
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