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Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire. 1526-1707 Section 3. Babur “The Tiger” (1483-1530). Who: Babur What : Founder of the Mughal Empire India Why: Built up army & took over Delhi (1526) First Gunpowder Empire Expanded empire Laid foundations for great Mughal Empire.

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Mughal Empire

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  1. Mughal Empire 1526-1707 Section 3

  2. Babur “The Tiger” (1483-1530) • Who: Babur • What: Founder of the Mughal Empire • India • Why: • Built up army & took over Delhi (1526) • First Gunpowder Empire • Expanded empire • Laid foundations for great Mughal Empire

  3. His son wasn’t great.. So his grandson took over…

  4. Akbar “The Great” (1556-1605) • Why: • Developed bureaucracy • Mansab, Mansabars (like regions & governors) • Improved taxes • Land tax • Jizya – levied non-muslim taxes • Religious Tolerance: • Hindu-Islam relations • Law codes • Hindus stayed under their law-Dharmashastra • Muslims – Shari’a Law, Akbar – Court of last resort • “Divine Faith” (his own religion)

  5. “Divine Faith” • All the world’s religions wrapped up into one • Mainly based on Islam • Stressed loyalty to Emperor • Monotheistic • Also had parts of: Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and Hinduism

  6. The Last Three Emperors

  7. 1. Jahangir • Akbar’s son • His wife was pretty much in charge.. • Her dismissal of one of his sons led the son to become Sikh = religious tension…

  8. “Sikhs” (NC) • Who: religious group the Mughals were against • What: Non-violent religious group that blended beliefs from Buddhism, Hinduism, & Sufism (Islamic Mysticism) • Where: India • When: 1600s • Why: • A Leader is a Guru- Sikhs are their disciples • They formed as a non-violent group that was a blend of religions which the Islamic Mughals didn’t like = tension!

  9. 2. Shah Jahan (1628-1658) • Why: • Military wars of conquest • Expanded empire once again • Put the empire back together • Moved capital to Delhi • Est. Amazing monuments... Such as…

  10. The Peacock Throne Red Fort

  11. Taj Mahal

  12. Where Shah Jahan lived

  13. More on the “Why” to Shah Jahan.. • The monuments took $$$ to make • = people paid more taxes • = people  • = famine & suffering! 

  14. 3. Aurangzeb (1658-1707) • Who: Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan’s 3rd son & successor • What: Mughal leader that imprisoned his father, killed his brothers & took over; Master at military strategy & aggressive empire builder • Why: • Wars of conquest • Empire expanded to greatest limits– too great = too $$$ • Last great conqueror of Mughal history • Oppressive on Hindus– more strict • Replaced Hindu temples • Taxes on Hindus • They had to obey Islamic law • System started falling apart • Individual states rebelled

  15. The comparisons between the 3:

  16. The Dynastic State • All Military creations • Rulers felt: land is their personal possessions • Emperors command the armies • Dismiss who they want at will • Grant land • Religion, ancestors- justify rules

  17. Dynastic Changes • Compete for succession • Mughals and Safavids kill • Ottomans isolate men in palaces

  18. Economics • Use crops from the Americas • Maize, potatoes • Convinced tobacco is good for medicinal purposes • Coffee houses develop • Moral decline • Sultan outlaws them • Doesn’t work

  19. Trade • All had been centers of trade • Ottomans trade esp. w. France and GB • Safavid center= Isfahan • Mughals= traded w. all major Europeans

  20. Population • India- New crops and growing agricultural economy causes population to grow • Ottoman Empire • Population skyrockets bc of expanding boundaries • Declines after 1700 bc of loss of territory

  21. What about the Religious Minorities? • People did not HAVE to convert to Islam • Paid tax (jizya) • Akbar abolishes this • Auranhzeb reinstates it • Protected people– Dhimmi

  22. THE END… • Ottomans: Lost territories slowly first in Egypt then Europeans and Russia got into it ends officially after WWI • Safavids: Afghans block Isfahan Cannibalism Abdication Execution • Mughals: Post-Aurangzeb= Rebellions • Invasions British rule

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