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Managing Risk With the IPDE Process. 1 The IPDE Process 2 Identify and Predict 3 Decide and Execute 4 Using the IPDE Process. Cause of Collisions. 85% of collisions are the result of Driver Error. Frequent Driver Errors : Breaking Laws Operating a Defective Vehicle Tailgating
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Managing Risk With the IPDE Process 1 The IPDE Process 2 Identify and Predict 3 Decide and Execute 4 Using the IPDE Process
Cause of Collisions 85% of collisions are the result of Driver Error • Frequent Driver Errors: • Breaking Laws • Operating a Defective Vehicle • Tailgating • Driving too Fast for Conditions • Not Wearing a Seatbelt • Driving after Drinking or Drug use • Driving while tired
The IPDE Process • Drivers who use an organized system will be better equipped to managed risk and thus reduce the possibility of damage or harm
Risk – Always a risk involved with driving, object is to REDUCE RISK • Driver Contributed Risk • Adjusting radio • Being angry • Drinking and driving • Using cell phone • Vehicle Contributed Risk • Bald tires • Poor brakes • Dirty windshield • Worn wiper blades • Environment Contributed Risks • Bright sun • Construction • Shadows • Snow and Ice • Sharp curves
IDENTIFY PREDICT Use knowledge, judgement, And experience to predict -Actions of other users -Speed -Direction -Control • Use visual search patterns to identify • Open and closed zones • Specific clues • Other users • Roadway features and conditions • Traffic controls EXECUTE DECIDE Decide to use one or more actions to -Change or maintain speed -Change direction -Communicate Execute your decisions to -Control speed -Steer -Communicate -Combine actions
Fringe vision Fringe vision Studies show young drivers, because of their inexperience, do not use their peripheral vision well or they don’t believe it nor trust it
Fringe Fringe Central Look directly at the word CENTRAL. Note how hard it is to see the boy on the bike and the car in the three mirrors
Aim high in steering • Keep your eyes moving • Get the big picture • Make sure other see you • Leave yourself a “Way Out” SMITH SYSTEM
Orderly Visual Search Pattern • Look at the road near you • Look ahead in the distance • Alternate glances • Right • Left • Rearview mirror • Driver side mirror • Passenger side mirror • Instrument panel
1. See a zone change 2. Check other zones 3. Create time and space by getting the best speed control, lane position, and communication Open Zone – a space where you can drive without restriction to you line of sight or your intended path of travel. ZONE CONTROL SYSTEM Closed Zone – a space not open to you because of a restriction in your line of sight or intended path of travel Right-Rear Zone Right-Front Zone Rear Zone Left-Rear Zone Front Zone Left-Front Zone
What to Predict • Actions of others • Path • where might the driver go? • Action • what action will the driver take? Is there more than one action? • Timing • when will the action be taken? Where will I be? • Space • will some of my space be used? • Point of Conflict • where might our paths cross?
What to Predict • Control of your vehicle • Speed • Being prepared to adjust speed for conditions and situations • Time • When to brake/accelerate With practice, you will be able to predict the time and space needed for both acceleration and braking in different conditions and situations.
What to Predict • Consequences • When driving, you will have a choice of actions to take. • More than one correct action, but choose the best. • Must be able to compare and judge the possible consequences before deciding the action to take.
Decision Time! What decisions do we make when we are driving?
Decide • Change Speed • Slowing down/speeding up • Change Direction • Leave yourself an out • Having an escape path leaves you a SPACE CUSHION • Communicate • Lights • Horn • Car Position • Eye Contact • Body Movement
Execute Actions you will execute include: • Accelerate • You have judged the speed and use of space by others • You are aware of acceleration capabilities • Brake • Amount of braking needed depends on: • Situation • Speed of your car • Condition of roadway • Condition of brakes • Steer • Just the right amount/no oversteering or understeering • Communicate • Combined actions
Special Situations • Look at these situations and list your actions using the IPDE Process. • Identify any potential problems • Predict what might happen • Decide what to do • Execute your decision
