Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments, 1900-Present

1. Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments, 1900-Present 6.1: Science and the Environment 6.2: Global Conflicts and Their Consequences 6.3: New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture

2. 6.1 Science and the Environment • Rapid advances in science-new understandings of the universe and the natural world, new technologies • Unprecedented population growth • Altered how humans interacted with the environment and threatened ecological balance • New modes of communication • Green Revolution-produced food for the world • Ne mechanical innovations (vaccines for example) • New energy technologies • Exploitation and competition over finite resources • Eradication of old diseases, challenge of new diseases • Birth control • Unprecedented wartime death and destruction due to technology

3. 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences • Century began with a European dominated global order-challenged as others sought to redistribute power • Ottoman, Russian, Qing empires collapsed • Colonies negotiated independence-India, W. Africa • Colonies fought for independence-Vietnam, Algeria • Anti-imperialism, nationalism-Gandhi, Nkrumah, Ho Chi Minh) • Religious and ethnic movements-Muslim Pakistan • Transregional movements-communism, Pan-Africanism

4. 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences • Ethnic and religious conflicts, secessionist movements, territorial partitions, economic dependency, legacies of colonialism • Population resettlements-India/Pakistan, Zionist movement and Palestine • Migration of former colonial subjects-Algerians to France, Filipinos to USA • Ethnic violence-Rwanda, Armenia, Holocaust, Cambodia • Displacement of People-Darfur

5. 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences • Unprecedented military conflict • Imperialist expansion, resource competition, ethnic conflict, nationalism, economic crisis (great depression) • WWI, WWII, Cold War • Groups and individuals challenged violence-Gandhi, MLK, anti-nuclear movement, art • Groups and individuals sought alternatives-Anti-Apartheid movement, Lenin and Mao, counterculture of 1968 • Dictatorship or totalitarianism in response to conflict • Terrorism • Conflict influence on global popular culture-James Bond, video games

6. 6.3: New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture • States responded in a variety of ways to economic challenges • Communism in China and Russia • Responses to Great Depression-New Deal, Fascism • Government role in promoting economic life-Nasser in Egypt • Neoliberals at end of 20th Century-Ronald Reagan, Pinochet, Thatcher

7. 6.3: New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture • States, communities, and individuals become increasingly interdependent • New international organizations-United Nations • New economic institutions-World Bank • Humanitarian organizations-Red Cross • Regional trade agreements-NAFTA • Multinational corporations-Coca-Cola • Protest movements-Greenpeace

8. 6.3: New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture • People conceptualized society and culture in new ways • Human Rights-civil rights, women’s rights, U.N. Declaration of Human Rights • New cultural identities-Negritude • Exclusionary reactions-Xenophobia, race riots • New forms of spirituality-Hare Krishna, New Ageism • Sports-World Cup Soccer, Olympics • Music and Film-Reggae, Bollywood