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Fuels

Fuels. Fuels A fuel is a substance which burns ( in oxygen ) to give out energy. When something burns in oxygen it is called combustion . Burning fuels creates heat energy. When a reaction gives out heat, this is called an exothermic reaction. (think fire exit…)

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Fuels

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  1. Fuels

  2. Fuels A fuel is a substance which burns (in oxygen) to give out energy. When something burns in oxygen it is called combustion. Burning fuels creates heat energy. When a reaction gives out heat, this is called an exothermic reaction. (think fire exit…) The opposite of exothermic is endothermic – i.e. the reaction takes in heat. Fuels S3 Revision (info for NAT 4)

  3. Fossil Fuels The three fossil fuels are – crude oil, natural gas and coal. The fossil fuels are formed over millions of years from dead plant and animal material. Over the years this material has been covered by layers of sand, mud and/or rock and the high pressure and temperature has converted them into the fuels. Fossil fuels are finite resources, i.e. one day they will run out.

  4. Crude Oil Crude oil is a mixture and contains lots of different lengths of hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons need to be separated out to be made useful to us. Fractional distillation is the technique used to separate crude oil. The separated hydrocarbons are known as fractions. These fractions have different properties and are used for different jobs. Each fraction has a different boiling point range and this is why distillation is a good separation method.

  5. Fractional Distillation

  6. Diagram • Fraction 1 is the most flammable – Fraction 8 is the least. • Fraction 8 is the most viscous (thickest) – Fraction 1 is the least. • Fraction 8 is the biggest molecule – Fraction 1 is the smallest. • Fraction 1 has the lowest boiling point – Fraction 8 has the • highest • The bigger the hydrocarbon molecule – the more bonds it • contains in it. • The bigger the number of bonds – the more energy (heat) it • takes to break them. • The more energy (heat) needed – the higher the boiling point.

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