The Road to Revolution: (1770-1776)

1. The Road to Revolution: (1770-1776) AP US HISTORY SOUTH LAUREL

2. Most English colonists were glad to be part of the British Empire. Life was good and the American colonies had the highest standard of living in the world! I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

3. Salutary neglect • Period of time between 1713-1763 where the colonies saw little/no intervention by England in colonial affairs • Sir Robert Walpole--believed colonies should be left alone; best for England • Colonies developed self-reliance and effective organization • 13 separate colonial governments emerged • Americans became used to managing their own affairs w/o government interference I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

4. American Revolutionary War is also known as the War for Independence, 1775-1783 • We were 3000 miles away from England “Distance weakens authority, great distance weakens authority greatly”

5. WHAT IS mercantilism • Belief that WEALTH was power • An economic system in which a “mother country” attempts to establish colonies for the benefit of the mother country • Mother country tries to sell more than it bought and keep all the money in the family • All European countries at this time used mercantilism I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES

6. Goals/purposes of mercantilism • Ensure British naval power • Colonies provide raw materials • Colonies a market for British goods • Keep all the money in the British Empire I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES

8. In order to ensure England’s wealth, all colonial purchases had to be purchased with “hard money” I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES

9. Enumerated articles • Certain products (like tobacco) that were forbidden to be sold anywhere but to England I CAN DEFINE WHAT ENUMERATED ARTICLES ARE

10. Navigation laws • Navigation Law of 1650--laws passed to enforce the mercantilist system • First enacted in 1650 • Goal was to stop Dutch shippers involved in American trade • Not enforced well early on I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS

11. To avoid much of the parts of the Mercantilist system, colonists resort to smuggling JOHN HANCOCK--#1 smuggler, “King of All Smugglers”, wealthy businessman I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS

12. 1763 marked a new era of relations between England and the colonies

13. George grenville • Prime Minister who first began the effort to get colonial America to help pay

14. King george III • King of England during the Revolutionary War

15. British debt was huge! Lots of debt from the French and Indian War. British want the colonies to pay 1/3rd of maintaining protection in the America’s I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

16. Sugar act1764 • Sugar Act of 1764 • First law ever passed for raising tax revenue in the colonies • Created resentment, then anger died down I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

17. Quartering Act of 1765 • Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops • Stamp Act of 1765 • To raise money to support military force in colonies • Mandated the use of stamped paper or stamps showing payment of tax I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

18. FAIR OR UNFAIR???

19. Admiralty courts • ADMIRALTY COURTS • Similar to military courts • No juries allowed • Guilty until you could prove innocence Trial by jury and “innocent until proven guilty” historic BRITISH RIGHTS I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

20. THE REAL QUESTION

21. NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION • Many colonist felt as thought they didn’t have representation on tax matters • Denied the right of Parliament, in which NO AMERICANS served, to impose taxes on them • Grenville’s Response? • VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION • Every member of Parliament represented ALL BRITISH persons, even American colonists!! I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

22. Colonial actions to the stamp act • Stamp Act Congress of 1765 • Brought together in NY City 27 delegates from 9 colonies • Drew up a statement of grievances (complaints) • Begged King and Parliament to repeal act • Significance was began COLONIAL UNITY • NonImportation Agreements • All will NOT buy or trade with England I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

23. violence • Sons of Liberty/Daughters of Liberty • Enforced nonimportation agreements • Used “tar and feathers” I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

24. Did it work? • England was hit hard • Hundreds of English workers out of work • Want Parliament to do away with Stamp Act REPEALED I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

25. Declaratory act • Passed with repeal of Stamp Act • Said Parliament had the right to do WHATEVER it wanted with the colonies LINES IN THE SAND WERE DRAWN! I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

26. CHARLES TOWNSHEND • New PM after Grenville • Known as “Champagne Charley” (liked his adult beverages!) I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

27. TOWNSHEND ACTS • Light tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea • Paid at the ports instead of directly by the colonists • Thought that would go OK for colonists • Problems? • Colonists felt powerful after repeal of Stamp Act • Money to pay royal governors and judges in America • Colonists had control of money and could control these • BUT, if this happened, they COULD NOT control them! I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

28. Solutions? • NONIMPORTATION again, but not as successful I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

29. Nicknames for britishsoldiers • Redcoats • Bloodybacks • Lobsterbacks I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

31. Boston massacre1770 • 60 townspeople against 10 Redcoats • British were being provoked • The Redcoats fired, wounding and killing 11 townspeople • Crispus Attucks was the first person to die in this massacre • Famous picture painted by Paul Revere I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

32. Lord North • Took over after Townshend • A “yes” man to King George!

33. Samuel Adams • “Engineer of the Revolution” or “Penman of the Revolution” • Master at propaganda • Kept the tensions with Great Britain high • Created in Massachusetts COMMITTEES of CORRESPONDENCE • These were men who wrote letters from one town to another in Mass. • Soon it became intercolonial • The colonists would exchange letters and build resentment against the British.

35. Boston tea party1773 • Govt tried to help British East India Tea Company by giving them a monopoly on free trade • Several “tea parties” occurred resulting in the burning of ships and tea • In Boston, the colonists boarded all three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor • EFFECT? The British passed the Intolerable Acts I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

36. Intolerable Acts1774 • Also known as the Coercive Acts • Intolerable Acts said… • The Port of Boston was to be closed until the damages paid for • Restricted town meetings • New stronger Quartering Act • If any English soldier killed an American, he would be tried in England I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

37. Quebec act1774 • QUEBEC ACT • Not really a punishment on Boston, but happened at the same time • Extended the borders of Quebec all the way down to the Ohio River Valley • Colonists fear Catholicism and French Canadian threat again! I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

38. Colonial reaction to quebec act • Set a dangerous precedent • No representative assemblies and denials of jury trials---NO WAY!! • Upset land settlers who were wanting to move into the area • Aroused anti-Catholics who thought area was marked for Protestantism I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

39. 1st continental congress • Met b/c of the INTOLERABLE ACTS • Colonies send their representatives to Philadelphia to form a Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts in 1774 • Created a document called “The Association” • No real desire yet for independence • Called for a boycott of British made goods • Would meet again in 1775 if conditions with Britain did not get better • Main goal was to try and negotiate with King George and Parliament I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

40. After the Boston Tea Party the British send more troops to enforce the Intolerable Acts. • The British sent troops mainly to get our gunpowder and to seize Sam Adams and John Hancock. • Colonial militias prepare for war. I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

41. minutemen • Citizens who could on a moments notice be prepared to defend their country I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

42. Paul revere andwilliamdawes • Rode on horseback to notify Minutemen British had arrived! I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

43. Battle of lexington and concord 1775 • Known as the “shot heard around the world” I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

44. BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD • British searching for stolen weapons– “search and seizure” • Stopped at Lexington and encountered 56 Minutemen • Minutemen stood up for what they believed was their land I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

45. BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD • Minutemen engage British troops at Concord Bridge. • British find some weapons at Concord. • British return to Boston, 5,000 Minutemen attack British troops. • Americans • 90 dead wounded or capturedBritish • 250 dead, wounded, or captured I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

46. Englands strengths • Population • Money • Navy • Support of Natives I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

47. American strengths • Outstanding leadership • Economic aid from France • Defensive military tactics work • Able to produce enough food • Great marksmen • Moral advantage--just cause I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

48. British weaknesses • Distance to the colonies • Size of America • Poor leadership • American only had to tie, British had to win I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

49. American weaknesses • Poorly organized for war • Jealousy among colonies • Economic difficulties • Military challenges • Morale low/greedy profiteers • Only select few committed to cause I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

50. British vs. United States FactorsGreat BritainUnited States Population Manufacturing Money Army Leaders Geography Navy Will to Fight Approximately 12 million Highly developed Richest country in the world Large, well trained army plus Hessians Few officers capable of leading Strange land---difficult to re-supply troops Naval world power Trained soldiers---but no heart Approximately 3 million and 1/3 loyal to England. Practically none No $$$ to support the war Volunteers, poorly equipped Dedicated officers plus foreign leaders Familiar land, easy access to supplies No navy Defending homeland---will to fight