Open source Operating System The Story in India

Agenda • Background • What is FOSS • Relevance of FOSS • Intellectual Property • Economics of FOSS • NRCFOSS • BOSS • Implementation Status in India • CASE Studies • Conclusion C-DAC All Rights Reserved

What is FOSS • The Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) stands for freedom for production, distribution, modification and use of: • Software – consists of programs (series of instructions to the computer) • Source Code – the actual series of instructions written by the software programmer • Open Source – where the source code written by the programmer is in the public domain - it can be 'seen' by any person C-DAC All Rights Reserved

What is Free Software Free software – Software in which user has following freedoms • Freedom to use (this is also there when proprietary software is bought) • Freedom to study source code (this freedom requires source code to be Open) • Freedom to modify the code • Freedom to distribute the code Free here refers free source of the software, not free software. It is Mukta Software not Mufta Software C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Relevance of FOSS Relevance and value of FOSS , especially to the Indian context, arise from the following, among other things: • FOSS is low cost and affordable. • FOSS makes design details & code freely available. • FOSS is easy to modify & customize. • FOSS products are getting robust and superior. • FOSS & Open Standards prevent vendor-lockin • FOSS helps eliminate use of un-licensed SW. C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Intellectual property-Nature • There are basically 2 kinds of assets • Tangible • Intangible • Tangible assets are subjected to some kind of rights that are socially accepted. C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Economics of FOSS • FOSS can be distributed without much additional expenditure, its marginal cost is nil. • FOSS encourages Local enterprises. In countries where it has been adopted it has given impetus to local industry and employment. C-DAC All Rights Reserved

NRCFOSS NRCFOSS Mission • Foster an eco-system for Open Source, Open Standards and Open Systems in India, integrating and benefiting the efforts and needs of all stake holders C-DAC All Rights Reserved

NRCFOSS – Phase-I • First major National level initiative. • Programme of the Department of Information Technology,GOI • Setup in April 2005 • C-DAC, Chennai & AU-KBC core partners. • Large network of major players built up (Industry, Other C-DAC Nodes, Government Institutions, Academia) • Development of Indian distribution of GNU/Linux - BOSS • Number of training and educational activities – Formal and Non-Formal • A solid base for further consolidation and expansion C-DAC All Rights Reserved

NRCFOSS Phase -II Funding agency – Department of Information Technology, Government of India • Duration of the project : 3 years • A more open inclusive approach with multiple partners to enhance acceptability, visibility and reach (C-DAC Chennai, C-DAC Mumbai, C-DAC Hyderabad, C-DAC Delhi, IIT Madras, IIT Bombay, AU-KBC ) • Areas of focus – SME’s , Education, Accessibility, Indian Language support, Localized applications • Research on SaaS Framework, FOSS issues etc • BOSS Linux to be used as the base for all development to ensure the reach to end users. C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Expected Outcome: • Development of SaaS stack delivery model • Integration and development of Common desktop development infrastructure • Setting up Centre of Excellence for Mobile Internet Devices based on BOSS Linux • Development and enhancement of NRCFOSS portal which will become a platform for multidisciplinary organizations involved in Open Source • Development of knowledge bank repository for scientific/ e-Governance applications • Further additions and enhancements to BOSS Linux specific to education & scientific domain C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Develop a service oriented architecture for kernel services Enhancing accessibility for FOSS desktops Setting up of GCC Resource Centre which leads to improving GCC and spreading the technical know-how of GCC particularly in India through converting a few interesting research break-throughs (eg. whole-program analysis, optimizer generation from specifications, better instruction selection) into practically useful technologies FOSS HRD in the formal sector & Non-formal sectors which include Open Source Walk-in e-Learning solutions Laboratory with focus on standards compliance and Offering Certification Course in Open Source Software Creation & Maintenance of Knowledge bank repository for education domain Expected Outcome C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Product Development – BOSS GNU/Linux • Product from NRCFOSS • Linux distribution developed by C-DAC for enhancing the use of Free/Open Source Software in India. • Made specifically for the Indian environment , it consists of a pleasing desktop environment coupled with Indian language support and other packages that are most relevant for use in the government domain. • BOSS GNU/Linux is derived from Debian • The ultimate goal is to localize in all Indian regional languages. So this benefits non-English speakers to reach technology that bridge digital divide in India. • BOSS Linux is available as Desktop, Server and EduBOSS editions C-DAC All Rights Reserved

BOSS GNU/Linux Desktop edition: an overview • BOSS Linux 1.0 (Tarang) – released in January 2006 • BOSS Linux 2.0 (Anant) – released in September 2007 • BOSS 3.0 (Tejas) – released in September 2008 • Current version – BOSS 4.0 – released in February 2011 • It consists of 3 sections • Install – allows User to install BOSS Linux on to hard disk and work on it • Live – Lets you to have the BOSS desktop in your system without installing • Utility – Consists of add-on packages that an be installed in BOSS for some specific applications like Web Server, education tools • Kernel – 2.6.32 and 2.6.37 • BOSS Linux comes with Gnome desktop C-DAC All Rights Reserved

User Friendly Graphical Installer Indian version of Open Office – BharateeyaOO BOSS security features 3D Desktop Auto detecting of devices Better usability for digital cameras, printers, scanners, Bluetooth, TV tuner. Auto mount of all Hard disk partitions Localization support for desktop in 22 Indian languages Smart Common Input Method Migration tool - Bulk document converter Internet tools – Pidgin, Iceweasel, X-chat Multimedia support LSB certified BOSS GNU/Linux desktop – features C-DAC All Rights Reserved

BOSS GNU/Linux Server edition • BOSS Linux Server is a Debian based server operating system • BOSS Entry level server was released during Elitex 2008 (Jan 2008) • BOSS Server has upgraded to advanced Level server featuring Virtualization, LDAP Server and LTSP Server. • BOSS advanced server was released during India soft 2009(Feb 2009),at Kolkata • BOSS advanced level server is been configured for Intel ix86, AMD- 64 and Intel Core duo • BOSS Advanced Server 1.0 includes Web Server (Apache2), Database Server (Mysql and Postgresql), Virtualisation Server (Xen), Mail Server (Postfix), Proxy Server (Squid), Network Server (bind9 and DHCP3), File Server (Samba and NFS) C-DAC All Rights Reserved

EduBOSS • BOSS Linux customized to School domain. • This is aimed towards the education sector and would include popular educational tools. • EduBOSS is a Debian based Linux distribution which is adopted for Indian scenario. • Includes authoring tools, Edutainment, Graphics, Maths, Science, Social • bundled with Productive application suite – BharateeyaOO - comprising of word processor, spread sheet, Draw, Database, Presentation. • Features enhanced presentation tool, Migration tool, SCIM • Available in Indian languages • EduBOSS 1.0 - released in June 2010 • EduBOSS 2.0 - released in April 2011 C-DAC All Rights Reserved

BOSS GNU/Linux Adoption Status • MOUs signed with CHiPS Chattisgarh, ELCOT Tamil Nadu, Government of Bihar, Government of Tripura., National Informatics Centre (NIC) for deployment of BOSS Linux across the country, Indian Navy • CHiPS Chattisgarh: deployed in CHoiCE project. More than 30G2C services currently running under CHOiCE project. Rolled out in 6 districts • Kerala: Implementation in Kerala in 101 villages across Palakkad & Thrissur districts (application DC Suite). Govt of Kerala has shown interest to implement BOSS Linux in IT@School project in approx. 12000 schools. • Government of Tripura: BOSS Linux deployed for preparation of Village Committee Electoral Roll (Bengali only) for Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District Council Election 2011 conducted during Feb 2011.Deployed in More than 200 PCs • Government of Punjab: deployment of BOSS Linux in 46000 desktops spread across 4965 schools in Punjab under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan programme. 5000 systems with Desktop virtualisation solution. Punjab Edusat Society for 90000 desktops with EduBOSS • Government of Haryana: Deployment of BOSS Linux in 58000 desktop (2637 schools). C-DAC All Rights Reserved

BOSS GNU/Linux Adoption Status • Indian Navy: Deployment of BOSS Linux across the Indian Navy in all their departments for their office productivity and other application during the contract. As part of the MOU, C-DAC provided 8 user level training programmes and one administrative level training programme at mutually agreed locations. Proposal has been submitted to Indian Navy for renewing the Contract for a further period of three years. Currently we are into customisation of BOSS Linux (security enhancements) to Indian Navy. • Indian Army: Deployments of BOSS Linux in Army Offices. Formal MoU to be signed with Indian Army similar on the lines wit Indian Navy. • Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) A.P : tender for desktop computers clearly specifying that the desktops should be preloaded with BOSS Linux and peripherals with drivers support for BOSS Linux and hence compliance to BOSS Linux. Around 250 systems with BOSS Linux. • CBSE: adoption of FOSS in Senior Secondary curriculum. C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Support Structure for BOSS Linux • Support group setup at C-DAC Centres spread across the country. • Support group has also been setup at State Nodal agencies • National help desk facility setup in C-DAC Chennai. Currently calls attended in English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam. • Support groups setup through CDAC GIST Pace Centres • Support groups to be setup at Academic institutions C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Security Enhancements to BOSS Linux Means hardening the Linux system (ie, protecting the kernel from the external intrusions). RULE: Deny ALL and then ALLOW Partitioning: Separate user-writable data, non-system data, and rapidly changing run-time data to their own partitions. Password and login security: password / passphrase strength checking and enforcement, fail delay of password Authentication, No. of failed login attempts Secure Kernel: All the security Functionalities & ext3 File system residing inside the kernel space, not in the User Space to make operating System more secure Encrypting File System: The encryption process will obscure certain information, making it unreadable without a special password or passcode. SElinux: SELinux is a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system which is a kernel (LSM) enhancement to confine programs to a limited set of resources. SELinux allows more fine grained access controls than traditional Unix permissions offer C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Audit: it provides tools that help the administrative user extract specific types of audit events, audit events for specific users, audit events related to specific file system objects or audit events within a specific time frame Disable drivers, Disable Services File integrity Check Security Enhancements to BOSS Linux C-DAC All Rights Reserved

EAL4 compliance The Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL1 through EAL7) of an IT product or system is a numerical grade assigned following the completion of a Common Criteria security evaluation, an international standard in effect since 1999. The increasing assurance levels reflect added assurance requirements that must be met to achieve Common Criteria certification. The intent of the higher levels is to provide higher confidence that the system's principal security features are reliably implemented. BOSS GNU/Linux is being tested for EAL4 compliance C-DAC All Rights Reserved

An e-Governance application initiative Facilitates, HR Division to work more efficiently and effectively in managing the employee Personal Details, Leaves, LTC & Medical reimbursements etc. Reduction of paper work for employees An effective workflow of HR Process. Modules Payroll module Claims module Leave moule Tour module Localisation support A Cloud Enabled application. Personnel Information System - PIS C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Technology Grails Framework Postgresql database Jquery. Grails is a high-productivity (RAPID,DYNAMIC and ROBUST) web framework based on the Groovy language. It's an open-source web application framework that leverages the Groovy language and complements Java Web development. Grails is licensed under the liberal Apache 2.0 Software License. PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system. Jquery is a fast, concise, library that simplifies how to traverse HTML documents, handle events, perform animations and add AJAX. PIS – Technology used C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Customizable Web-based Interfaces User-friendly GUI for librarians and members A live OPAC (online public access catalog) for with customizable search and provision for reserving books Circulation and borrower management Simple acquisitions system for the smaller library Serials system for magazines or newspapers Automated handling of books with RFID(Radio Frequency identification) Technology including self issue and return by users, and a host of facilities for the library administrators including inventory control and stock taking. Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) C-DAC All Rights Reserved

BOSS comes integrated with necessary packages required for successful installation of ILS. One step installation of ILS with minimal configuration steps enabling a librarian to install and configure the ILS with ease. Offline installer for ILS enabling perl dependencies to be installed on a standalone machine with no internet connectivity Provides support to drivers for RFID reader , Printers and other hardware interfaced Renders localization support to ILS ILMS – cont’d C-DAC All Rights Reserved

CHOiCE -- Chattisgarh C-DAC All Rights Reserved • The Chattisgarh Online Information System for Citizen Empowerment (CHOiCE) is a revolutionary approach to citizen services and provides one stop solution for any where-any time based government. • Presently more than 30 G2C and numerous G2B services for all the requirements of citizens are provided • CHOiCE project works on PPP model with private persons appointed as CHOiCE agents. • Project rolled out on Linux and other Open Source Software, perhaps the biggest Open Source e-Governance project in the country • Project successfully rolled out in Raipur and other five districts. CHOiCE roll out in 12 districts initiated • Approximately 250000 transactions has taken place

@ NIC Palakkad C-DAC All Rights Reserved DC* Suite • DC Suite is an integrated suite of applications for the Collectorate, based on an integrated solution architecture covering all function areas and activities of the Collectorate. • It is a web enabled solution built on industry standard software technologies and best practices. • There are twenty functional areas identified including workflow based file management system, public grievances monitoring, revenue recovery management etc.. Taluk* Suite • An extension of DC* Suite to Taluks and villages • Integrated web based application for Taluk activities • Web based solution developed using Linux, Apache, MySQL & PHP • Complete Open Source initiative

BOSS Cloud • Cloud Computing test bed has been setup at C-DAC Chennai using the existing Open Source Cloud management tools like Eucalyptus, Xen Hypervisor with BOSS Linux Advanced Server as the host OS. • It is planned to come out with BOSS Cloud wherein BOSS Linux is bundled with the Cloud tools stack comprising Eucalyptus, Xen Hypervisor, Ganglia, Appscale with enhanced function & features. C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Collaboration with National and International Institutions • National • Government • NIC, ELCOT, CHIPS, CDAC- Mumbai, CDAC- Bangalore, STQC • Societies • FSF India, Indian NGOs • Academic Institutions • IIT Chennai, SSN, Jaya, RMK Engineering Colleges, PSG Tech • Industry • IBM India, Intel India • Community • LUGs (Delhi, Chennai) • International • Government • DIT Bhutan, MCIT Afghanistan, OSRC Pakistan, ICTA Srilanka, PMO Bangladesh, NITC Nepal, Sharif University Iran • Societies • Linux Foundation, CICC, AOSS, IOSN, South Asian NGOs • Community South Asian LUGs • Training under ASEAN cooperation C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Case Study - TRIPURA • There was an urgent need to edit PDF file for preparation of Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District Council (TTADC) Village Committee Electoral (VCE) Roll • Panchayat Department, Govt. of Tripura is the Nodal Department for conducting TTADC Village Committee Election • The Election Commission would provide Photo Electoral Roll in PDF format which has to be segregated on the basis of Village Committee areas. • It was a huge task involving about 10 lakh voters C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Case Study - TRIPURA • To effect the successful implementation, master trainers, mostly Senior Computer Assistants, from all over Tripura, were provided with training on BOSS Installation, Configuring Internet, Using BOSS, Typing in Bengali using Bharatiyaa Open Office, using GIMP software to edit PDF file. They in turn trained the village level officers. • EduBOSS 1.0 and BOSS 4.0 copies, and BOSS was installed in almost all the blocks in 200 plus desktops • The successful implementation of the project resulted in the publication of Final Village Committee Electoral Roll for TTAADC Election 2011 on 25th January 2011 in Bengali to prepare for the Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) Election 2011 which was held on 24th February 2011 C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Case Study-Others • The IT @ School project of Kerala replaced Windows software with FOSS on 50,000 desktops in schools across the state. Tangible benefits amounted to Rs 490 million ($ 10.2 million). • Great Market (name changed), a large e-commerce firm, adopted FOSS for servers, MIS development, document management and for desktops. The savings from desktops alone came to Rs 3 million ($ 63 thousand). • Life Insurance Corporation (LIC), one of the largest insurers in India, with an IT infrastructure of 3500 servers and 30,000 desktops, saved about Rs 420 million ($ 8.75 million) by adopting FOSS. • The New India Assurance company, a general insurance firm, having • 1100 offices, and an IT infrastructure of 1500 servers and 7000 desktops saved about Rs 800 million ($ 16.67 million) in tangible and intangible costs. SOURCE: Rahul De, IIM Bangalore C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Case Study-Others • GGG (name changed) is a medium-sized e-commerce solutions IT firm that relies heavily on FOSS. GGG saved about Rs 3.6 millions ($ 75 thousand) by using FOSS on its desktops. • IT for Change is an NGO with about 30 employees. They use FOSS extensively on all their servers and desktops and estimated tangible savings of about Rs 0.12 million ($ 2.5 thousand) per annum (on an IT budget of Rs 2.1 million ($ 44 thousand)). • IIC (affiliated with Delhi University) is an institution of higher education that has adopted FOSS. The tangible and intangible benefits for an infrastructure of 100 desktops and 5 servers is about Rs 1.75 million ($ 36 thousand). SOURCE: Rahul De, IIM Bangalore C-DAC All Rights Reserved

CONCLUSION सा विद्या या विमुक्तये (IT IS KNOWLEDGE WHICH LIBERATES) If I have an apple and you have one, if we exchange our apples, we will still have one each However if I have an idea and you have another, then when we share our ideas, each of us will have 2 ideas each. – G B SHAW C-DAC All Rights Reserved

Open source Operating System The Story in India