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GANGTOK Slum Free City Plan of Action

GANGTOK Slum Free City Plan of Action. GANGTOK An Introduction. The capital city of the state of Sikkim Largest city with a total population of 100,086 in 2011 Accounts for about 65% of the total urban population of Sikkim Population increased from 29,354 in 2001 to 100,086 in 2011

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GANGTOK Slum Free City Plan of Action

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  1. GANGTOK Slum Free City Plan of Action

  2. GANGTOK An Introduction • The capital city of the state of Sikkim • Largest city with a total population of 100,086 in 2011 • Accounts for about 65% of the total urban population of Sikkim • Population increased from 29,354 in 2001 to 100,086 in 2011 • Besides, natural increase and net in-migration, this phenomenal population increase in last decade is also due to revision of city boundary. • The total area under Gangtok Municipal Corporation is 19.63 sq. km • Population density in Gangtok municipal area is 52 persons / ha. • Total number of wards in the city is 15 • Percentage of slum population to total population is 23.51% • Percentage of slum households to total households is 25.60%

  3. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Initiation Stage Stakeholder Identification Establishment of RAY technical Cell INITIATION Finalizing Slum Definition Based on Gazette Notification of 2003 Sharing Slum Situation Visit to all slums by HUDCO Team (Duration : Nov ’12 to May ’13) Meeting with various stakeholders, (Duration : FEB ’12 to May ’13) Resolution of ULB/ concerned state government dept. for preparation of Slum free City Plan

  4. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Defining Slum “A slum is a cluster of compact settlements of 5 or more households which generally grow very unsystematically and haphazardly in an unhealthy condition and atmosphere on government and private vacant land. Slums also exist in the owner based household premises.”

  5. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Wardwise List of Slums

  6. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Preparatory Stage • FINALIZATION OF LIST OF SLUMS WITH LOCATION AND SLUM BOUNDARIES • SOCIO-ECONOMIC HOUSEHOLD SURVEY of SLUMS • Spatial distribution • Demographic features • Socio-economic conditions • Physical infrastructure • GIS MAPPING • Review of the Existing Spatial Data • Satellite Image • Ge-referencing spatial data and information • MIS • Hoisting data in designated Govt. of India website • DIALOGUE WITH BENEFICIARIES FOR AWARENESS & CONSENSUS BUILDING Card Issued to Households after Conducting Household level socio-economic Survey

  7. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slum Situation: Assessment 58 Total Number of Slums 12 Notified Slums 46 Non- notified Slums 78% slum population in notified slums 23580 Total Slum Population 6085 Total Slum Households 6 Slums with no. of HHs <5 1.15 sq. km Area Under Slums 205 p/ha Average Density in Slums 75.86% Slums in Private Land 8.28%% BPL HHs in Slums

  8. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slum Situation: Assessment 70% Pucca slum houses 3 slums with no pucca house 79% Slum HHs are ‘rented’ occupants 79% HHs have access to tap water within premises 12 No. of Slums in Chandmari ward (highest) 4961Slum population in Arithang (maximum) 1316 Total No. of HHs in the biggest slum – Slaughter House

  9. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok Remote Scattered & Inaccessible Locations

  10. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok Precarious & Vulnerable Site

  11. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok Unsafe & Inadequate Housing

  12. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Slums in Gangtok Insufficient & Inadequate Infrastructure

  13. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action The Challenges • No. of slums appears to be limited (58), but proportion of slum households to total households is 23.51% which is much higher than the national average of 17% as per Census 2011. • The slums are scattered all over the city but in varying degrees. 38 out of 58 slums and for 69% of the total slum households are in core areas. • Percentage of slum population varies from 2.63% of total population in the Daragaon Ward to 61.58% of the population (Diesel Power House). • Most of the slums are of small, when expressed in terms of no. of HHs in slums. • The BPL HHs to slum households around 8%. • Most of the slums are in private land. • Most of the slum HHs are ‘rented’ occupants. • Limited Land supply for residential development by public agencies • Constrained land supply due to hostile / incompatible terrain.

  14. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Tenability Analysis • Guiding Principle: • Sustainable and pro-people interventions without compromising the ‘larger’ interest of environment, ecology or city development. • Un-tenability status primarily assigned to only those slums that poses a threat to the life of the inhabitants by virtue of it being located in sites vulnerable to natural disasters or ecologically fragile. • Tenability defined based on composite score of vulnerability to hazards like earthquake, landslide, slope & flash flood. • Slums falling in the last two categories i.e. Medium High and Very High have been recommended as “Untenable”.

  15. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Tenability Analysis • Based on the composite score derived from vulnerability to multiple natural disasters, each slum has been categorized into following vulnerability categories: • Low • Medium Low • Medium • Medium High • Very High. • Slums falling in the last two categories i.e. Medium High and Very High have been recommended as “Untenable”. • Multi hazard map is based on micro level data and that slums return composite score of more than one category. In such cases, the category that has the maximum percentage area is taken as the deciding category for that slum.

  16. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Tenability Analysis • No. of households and population in slums assigned ‘untenable’ status accounts only 1.3 and 1.5 % of slum HHs and population respectively. • Additional land requirement for slum free city is minimal • Small size being small, affected population can be accommodated in redevelopment sites within the same ward. 5 Untenable slums based on vulnerability to natural disaster 1 Untenable slum due to land ownership 363 Total population living in Untenable Slums

  17. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Prioritization of Slums List of Chosen for Indicators Prioritization Socio-Economic Vulnerability : • % of unemployed population to total population in the slum (1.5) • % of HHs with monthly income less than Rs. 3000/-, to total households in the slum (4) • % age of Illiterate population to total population in the slum (1.5) • % of BPL HHs to total households in the slum (2) • % age of ST+SC HHs to total households in the slum (0.5) Housing Vulnerability : • % of Kutcha Dwelling Units to totals DUs in the slum (6) • % of Semi-pucca Dwelling Units to totals DUs in the slum (6) Infrastructure Vulnerability : • % of HHs without Tap water to total households in the slum (3) • % HHs engaged in Open Defecation to total HHs in the slum (1.5) • % of HHs with access to Kutcha Roads to total HHs in the slum (1) • % HH not connected to drainage facilities to total HHs in the slum (1.5) • % HHs connected to sewerage facilities to total HHs in the slum (1.5) • Availability of street light facility within the slum (1)

  18. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Prioritization of Slums • First Priority Slums: score value of 2 and 3 in all three parameters. The most vulnerable being slum with 3 X 3 X 3 score e.g. KanchanColony and Dui Mile. • Second Priority Slums: Score value 2 and 3 for housing and infrastructureand1 for economic status. 20 slums in this category. • Third priority slums: Slums that registers score value 1 in at least one parameter. There are 20 slums in this category. Slum Star Hall and Chandmari have a matrix score of 1 X 1 X 1 implying they are the least vulnerable in terms of socio-economic, housing & infrastructure index. Final Range Code 1: Capable Final Range Code 2: Medium Final Range Code 3: Vulnerable

  19. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Prioritization of Slums: Refinement Criteria for refinement of slum prioritization • All slums in Govt. land irrespective of the department is considered as first priority. • All slums that required ‘relocation’ due to tenability status :- • Vulnerable / prone to multiple hazards • The relocation plan can be combined with the redevelopment plans of listed slums in the same ward • Except the slum ‘Beside Bhanugram,’ in Arithang ward all are in Government land • All slums in ‘private’ land has been categorized in Second and Third Priority based on the Vulnerability Index value to allow ‘preparatory’ phase to finalize the development options and strategies

  20. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Development Options • Challenges for implementing development options: • Private Land • Non-Sikkimese migrant occupant. • Unwillingness of the landlords to pay & participate in development interventions. • Unwillingness of the tenants to participate due to insecurity of tenure. • Requires Consensus Building % Capacity enhancement.

  21. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Estimated Investment Requirement

  22. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Preventive Strategy • Creation of Adequate Housing Stock • Absolute shortage is NIL in GMC area • The current housing shortage calculated based on katcha & obsolescent houses are 2399 . • Population projected for 2025 is 1,48,006. • Total DUs requirement by 2025 is 37006 based on avg. HH size. • Total DUs requirement for EWScategory by 2025 is estiomated to be 4254 units. (@ 33% of the total Housing Stock). • Challenges towards Housing Supply • Nature of land unsuitable for residential development. • Fragile environment and terrain that limits the possibility of high rise high density development. • Substantial number of slums are in ‘forest’ land limiting the possibility of regularization. • Stringent land laws • Restrictive ownership laws. • Absence of public agency in supply of housing

  23. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Necessary reforms • 20-25% Land reservation for EWS & LIG with a system of cross subsidization • Implementation of Rent Control Act • Enactment of user Charges • To secure Credit from Bank & Financial Institutions • To create Shelter Fund • Introduce & Implement State Housing and Habitat Policy • Formulation of Apartment Ownership Act and Cooperative housing act • Enforcement of safety standards in buildings • Enforcement of proper site selection and usage of earthquake resistant features in buildings to prevent loss of housing stock in natural occurrence.

  24. GANGTOK: Slum Free City Plan of Action Recommendations for Institutional Arrangements • A new Planning or Development Authority under the control of UD & H Deptt. may be formed as an autonomous bBody for development of the Greater Gangtok Area. • UD & H Deptt., Govt. of Sikkim will act as a facilitator. • Devolution of power as per 74th Constitutional Amendment to the Gangtok Municipal Corporation. • SUDA to be structured for taking up Slum Improvement & Relocation works in Gangtok in association with other implementing agencies. • SHDB may be revived for undertaking formal layout based housing project. • Land Assembly Cell should be established. • Regional study to be done at macro level for assessing the Regional vulnerability and understand the extent of carrying capacity of city of Gangtok.

  25. THANK YOU

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