1 / 71

SUNTRACKING SYSTEM

SUNTRACKING SYSTEM. First Page :. Prepared by: Hanan Radi Hala El_Shorafa Kholoud Thabet Rania Nassar Supervised by: Dr. Hatem El_ Aidy Discussed by : Dr. Basel Hamad.

lanza
Download Presentation

SUNTRACKING SYSTEM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SUNTRACKING SYSTEM

  2. First Page : Prepared by: Hanan Radi Hala El_Shorafa Kholoud Thabet Rania Nassar Supervised by:Dr. Hatem El_ Aidy Discussed by : Dr. Basel Hamad "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum."

  3. Abstract Over the last few years, Gaza Strip was suffering from power shortage’s. People needs for hot water during the day are in great demand. So, our idea is to convert the fixed solar system to suntracking system.

  4. Outline: • Introduction • Objective • Heating water types • Solar water heating system • Motion of the sun • Hardware design • Software design • Simulation and results • Conclusion • Recommendation and future outcomes

  5. Introduction Gaza is famous for its moderate weather. Sun is very useful for heating water especially for Palestinian people who suffer a lot from electricity cut off.

  6. Objective Exploitation of renewable energy sources in the Gaza Strip, such as solar power to solve the multiple problems in heating water using electricity and natural gas.

  7. Heating water types • Electrical tankless heaters • Natural gas water heaters • Solar heating water system

  8. Statistical • 30 houses in Nusseirat area were surveyed on what methods they used for water heating. All of these houses owned a solar water heating system; in addition to an electrical tankless heaters.

  9. In the same specified area we found that people suffer four times a week from power outage. The table shows a model of weekly power outage for the Nusseirat area.

  10. Weekly power outage schedule

  11. Fixed Solar system: • The installation of solar water • heating has become the norm • in Gaza Strip since 1980’s. Solar water heating system

  12. Problem: The mirrors do not move, and the peak energy reach at noon where the sun is perpendicular on the mirrors. But at night time this system is idle.

  13. Solution: For developing the solar system and making it more efficient in heating water. A new sun tracking system is proposed.

  14. Tracking solar system: • The idea is to make this system more efficient by supply peak energy at all the times. This means that the sun is always perpendicular on the mirrors.

  15. Tracker types: • Single axis trackers • Dual axis trackers • a Tip – tilt dual axis tracker (TTDAT) • b Azimuth-Altitude dual axis tracker • (AADAT)

  16. Geographical Location • The climate of a place depends on its geographical location. • The geographical location depends on: 1. Latitude 2. Longitude

  17. Astronomical Location of the Sun The basic position of the sun at any instant can be described by two angles: 1. The azimuth angle 2. The altitude angle

  18. 1. Azimuth angle The solar azimuth angle is the angular distance between due South and the projection of the line of sight to the sun on the ground.

  19. cos (AZ) = (sin (Al) * sin (L) - sin (D)) / (cos (Al) * cos (L)) Where: AZ = Solar azimuth angle Al = Solar altitude angle L = Latitude D = Declination

  20. 2. Altitude angle The altitude angle describes how high the sun appears in the sky.

  21. sin (Al) = [cos (L) * cos (D) * cos (H)] + [sin (L) * sin (D)] Where: Al = Solar altitude angle. L = Latitude D = Declination H = Hour angle.

  22. 1. Electrical circuits 2. Mechanical implementation Hardware design

  23. 1. Electrical circuits: • Power circuit • Control circuit • Driver circuit

  24. Mirror ref. Output Controller Motors

  25. Power circuit

  26. Control circuit: DS1307 74LS244 Keypad Microcontroller LCD

  27. DS1307 74LS244 Keypad Microcontroller LCD

  28. 1. DS1307 • Real-Time Clock (RTC) Counts Seconds, • Minutes, Hours, Date of the Month, Month, • Day of the week, and Year with Leap-Year • 56-Bytes, with NV SRAM.

  29. I2C Serial Interface • Battery - backed • Consumes Less than 500nA in Battery-Backup Mode with Oscillator Running

  30. Typical operation circuit

  31. 2. 74LS244 ( 3-state buffer) • In digital electronics 3-state logic allows an output port to assume a high impedance state in addition to the 0 and 1 logic levels •  Active-low input called OE (Output Enable) b 74LS244 ( 3-state buffer)

  32. L = LOW logic level H = HIGH logic level Z = High impedance

  33. Three-state buffers can also be used to implement efficient multiplexers especially those with large numbers of inputs.

  34. For two stepper motor, using 74LS244 to select the motor which must rotate.

  35. Driver circuit • The SLA7024M is designed for high-performance operation of 2-phase, Unipolar stepper motors . • This driver is most important for limiting and regulating the input current to the stepper motors.

  36. How the stepper motor can turn left and right?? For half step operation for stepper motor the truth table of SLA7024M is shown in the table

  37. 0 0 1 0 = 0xF2 1 0 0 0 = 0xF8 1 0 1 0 = 0xFA

  38. 2. Mechanical design • Our system is designed to have dual axis that connected with two stepper motors. • The size of the load mirror is (35*35cm). • Using limit switch.

  39. Stepper motor The motor's position can be controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism (Open-loop controller).

  40. For solar system using unipolar stepper motor than other types of motors • Unipolar stepper motor than bipolar • b. Unipolar stepper motor than servo motor

  41. a. Unipolar stepper motor than bipolar • A unipolar stepper motor has two windings per phase, one for each direction of magnetic field. It can be reversed without switching the direction of current.

  42. Other hands, bipolar motors have a single winding per phase. The current in a winding needs to be reversed in order to reverse a magnetic pole, so the driving circuit must be more complicate.

  43. b. Unipolar stepper motor than servo motor • Servomotors require analog feedback control systems of some type. Typically, this involves a potentiometer to provide feedback about the rotor position. • Stepper motors can be used in simple open-loop control systems.

  44. Calibration For high precision required in the angle were used a half step operation than full step, for normal unipolar full step have 1.8°, so for half step is 1.8°/2 = 0.9°. As is well known that the full period have 360°.

  45. To find out the number of turns  which must be the motor full cycle of rotation: • For full period • 360/0.9 = 400 steps • 2. The half stepper operation from its truth table must rotate 8 steps for full turn, so, the numbers of turns for motors to have full cycle is • 400/8 = 50 turns .

  46. For the altitude angle, the vertical axis from the experiment at this axis was found that for every 1.5 turns have 1°, so, to know angle which the full turns make • Al angle = (50 turn * 1°) / 1.5 turn

  47. For the azimuthangle, from experiment at the horizontal axis, for every 1 turn have 1°. • Az angle = (50 turn * 1°) / 1 turn

More Related