A LESSON ON TENSES

1. A LESSON ON TENSES

2. WHAT IS A TENSE? VERB FORM THAT SHOWS THE TIME OF ACTION IS CALLED TENSE.

3. PRESENT TENSE 1. Simple Present 2. Present Continuous 3. Present Perfect 4.Present Perfect Continuous KINDS OF TENSE PAST TENSE • Simple Past • Past Continuous • 3. Past Perfect • 4.Past Perfect Continuous FUTURE TENSE • Simple Future • Future Continuous • 3. Future Perfect • 4.Future Perfect Continuous

4. CONTINUOUS TENSES PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES PERFECT TENSES SIMPLE TENSES PRESENT FUTURE PAST SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT I will help you with that project. We moved to Istanbul in 2003. I have a shover every morning. FUTURE CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS She will be waiting for you at the airport. I was watching a film when he arrived They are having lunch at the moment. FUTURE PERFECT PAST PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT The match will have started before we get there. Tom had done his homework before he left home. Mike has arrived. He is here now FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Mum will have been waiting for us for ages when we get home. It had been raining all day when we left. You have been doing your best since you started here.

5. PRESENTTENSE All present tenses are generally denote an action or state that happens in the present Simple Present is used- Ramu will get up at 6 tomorrow. Ramu got up at 6 yesterday. Ramu got up at 6 today. Past PresentFuture Ramu gets up at 6 every day. 1. To express a habitual action

6. Study the following sentences. The sun rises in the east. Water freezes at 0 o Centigrade. 2. To express general truths Honesty is the best policy. ..Tom passes to Sam, Sam to Kim , Kim back to Sam …. And Sam shoots- and it’s a goal!!!! 3. To express vivid narrative and momentary actions. The train arrives at 7.54. I start my work tomorrow. 4. To express future events (planned) The school reopens on next Monday.

7. Study the following sentences PRESENT CONTINUOUS -The students are sitting in the room. - He is writing on the board. - I am listening to the teacher. 1. To express an action going on at the time of speaking • We are learning French. • I am playing cricket these days. • He is reading Harry Potter. 2. To express a temporary action which may not be going on at the time of speaking. The dog is getting bigger every day. 3. To express developing and changing situations. PAST NOW FUTURE

8. We use the present perfect to say that something in the past is connected with the present in some way. PRESENT PERFECT Result Now Finished Action -Somebody has shot the manager. -I have broken my leg. -They have completed their work. -The manager is dead. -I can’t walk. -They are free. 1. We often use the present perfect to talk about finished actions, when we are thinking of their present consequences: the results that they have now. -He has just gone out. -They have worked the sum. -We have begun the lesson. 2. To denote an action that has just been completed.

9. Studythesesentences -We have lived here ten years. -He has been ill since last week. -I have always liked you. 3. To talk about actions, states and situations which started in the past and still continue. I have written five letters since lunchtime. Past Now 4. We use the present perfect to say that something has happened several times up to the present

10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Past Now I have been running. Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Past Now It has been raining all week. 1. To talk about actions, states and situations which started in the past, is still continuing.

11. Study these sentences -He has been learning English for eight years. -They have been reading this book since morning. -It has been raining non-stop since Monday. -We have been living here for six years. We use since when we mention the beginning of the period ( Monday, July, 1947) We use for when we mention the length of the period (three days, two months)

12. EVALUATION Use the correct form of the verb given in brackets. 1. (go) My brother often to see English films. goes 2. (take) He always his coffee without sugar. takes 3. (move) The earth round the sun. 4. (know) I him for a long time. 5. (study) We English for five years. 6. (do) Don’t disturb me. I my work. 7. (read) I David Copperfield. 8. (leave) They for London by the next mail. 9. (go) He just out. 10.( reopen) When the school ? moves have known have been studying am doing am reading leave has gone does reopen

13. SIMPLE PAST India got freedom in 1947. He stayed in the hostel last year. I met my friend yesterday Past Now Future 1. To denote an action in the past. ( immediate or distant) 1991 1992 1993 1994 ‘95 ‘96 Past Now Future Regularly every summer, Janet fell ill. 2. To denote a habitual action in the past.

14. PAST PROGRESSIVE What were you doing at eight o’clock yesterday evening? ???????????? Past Now Future -I was playing cricket. -They were making a lot of noise in the class. 1. To say that something was going on around a particular past time. The chief interest is not the time of action, but its continuity. While A was happeningB happened AAAAAA AAAAAA B 2. The past progressive refers to a longer action or situation. Simple past refers to a shorter action or situation that happened in the middle. As I was walking I met my friend.

15. PAST PERFECT Past Now Future 3.30 4.00 I had done my exercises when Hary came to play I realized that we had met before. 1. To say that some action had taken place before another was begun or completed The action that took place first is put in the past perfect and later in the simple past.

16. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Before Past Now When I found Mary, she had been crying for several hours. -It had been raining since morning when you rang me up. -When I reached there at 2 p.m., he had been waiting for me. 1. To talk about longer actions or situations, which had continued up to the past moment that we are thinking about.

17. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form of the verbs given in brackets. EVALUATION was reading • (read) I novel when my friend came. • (not rain) It heavily last summer. • (write) He said that he the letter. • (leave) It started raining after he • (break) A thief into our house last night. • (have) We our dinner before she left. • (rain)It since morning when you rang me up. • (listen) We to the radio all evening. • (receive) I his letter a week ago. • (write) At that time he a novel for two months. didn’t rain had written had left. broke had had had been raining were listening received had been writing

18. SIMPLE FUTURE Study the following sentences -I shall see him tomorrow. -They will play the match in the evening. -Tomorrow will be a holiday. To denote an action or situation that has still to take place. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE -I shall be reading a paper then. -They will be playing a match at that time. -This time tomorrow I will be lying on Malpe. To say that something will be going on at a particular moment in the future.

19. FUTURE PERFECT Study the following sentences. -I shall have finished my homework by evening. -She will have cleaned the room before you reach there. -Before you go to see him, he will have left the place. To indicate the completion of an action by a certain future time. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS -By six o’clock I will have been sitting here for ten hours. -He joined the school in June. By December he will have been studying here for seven months. To indicate an action represented as being in progress over a period of time that will end in the future.

20. EVALUATION Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form of the verbs given in brackets. • (finish) I this work by tomorrow evening. • (wait) We for you when you come back. • (come) The train before you reach the station. • (sit) When you come, I in the school library. • (phone) I you when I come back. • (do) He it for you if you like. • (finish) I my work by the time you come back in the evening. • (live) By next July we here for four years. will finish will be waiting will have come will be sitting will phone will do will have finished shall have been living