Chapter 20

1. Chapter 20 Water Supply, Use and Management Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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3. Groundwater and Streams • Groundwater • Water found below the Earth’s surface, within the zone of saturation, below the water table • Water table, recharge zones, discharge zones, aquifer, cone of depression • Effluent Stream • A type of stream where flow is maintained during the dry season by groundwater seepage into the channel • Influent Stream • A type of stream that is everywhere above the groundwater table and flows in direct response to precipitation Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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6. Water Supply: A U.S. Example • Water budget • a model that balances the inputs, outputs and storage of water in a system. • Defines the natural variability and availability of water • Over 99% of the Earth’s water is unavailable or unsuitable for beneficial human use • It is expected that the total water withdrawn from streams and groundwater in the U.S will decrease but the consumptive use will increase Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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9. Desalination as a Water Source • Desalination: a technology to remove salt from water • Increased cost Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

10. Water Use • Off-stream use: • water removed from it’s source for use • In-stream use: • the use of rivers for navigation, hydroelectric power generation, fish and wildlife habitats and recreation Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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15. Water Conservation • the careful use and protection of water resources • Agricultural Use • Domestic Use • Industry and Manufacturing Use • Perception and Water Use Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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17. Sustainable Water Use • The use of water resources by people in a way that allows society to develop and flourish into an indefinite future without degrading the various components of the hydrologic cycle or the ecological systems that depend on it Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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19. Wetlands • Areas that are inundated by water or where the land is saturated to a depth of a few centimeters for at least a few days per year • Wetlands serve a variety of functions that benefit ecosystems and people Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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21. Channelization and the Environment • Channelization: • An engineering technique that consists of straightening, deepening, widening, clearing, or lining existing stream channels • Purpose: • Control floods, improve drainage, etc. Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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23. Flooding • The most universal natural hazard in the world • The frequency and severity are increased by urbanization • Avoid building on floodplains Botkin and Keller Environmental Science 5e

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