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Chapter 7 Human Population and Environment

Chapter 7 Human Population and Environment. Population Growth Increase in the number of individuals of human beings Population Explosion The rapid increase in population which outstrips the growth of national income and retards the per capita income. Understanding Population Patterns

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Chapter 7 Human Population and Environment

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  1. Chapter 7 Human Population and Environment

  2. Population Growth Increase in the number of individuals of human beings Population Explosion The rapid increase in population which outstrips the growth of national income and retards the per capita income.

  3. Understanding Population Patterns Birth rate – It is defined as number of births per thousand people in a geographical area. Death rate – It is defined as number of deaths per thousand people in a geographical area Migration – It is defined as the rate of population change for a specific area which is also affected by the movement of people into and out of the area.

  4. Causes of Population Growth Conquest of diseases Improvement in Public Health High infant mortality Poverty Preference for male child Custom of early marriages Illiteracy

  5. Effects of Population Growth • Increase in population has lead to several socio-economic problems. • More deforestation activities arising to meet the requirements of fuel wood, agriculture, settlement and also for industrial establishments. • Excessive exploitation of natural resources causing ecological imbalance in nature. • The indiscriminate felling of trees for agricultural expansion and timber products has lead to the degradation of watersheds affecting the water catchment areas. • Due to population pressure, water resources are exploited more for various uses including domestic, livestock and industrial use. • Population growth affects the natural resource availability. It causes increased demand for food, water, arable land and other essential materials, such as firewood.

  6. Family Welfare Programme • The success of the family welfare programme depends upon public awareness, education of women, proper family counselling and easy availability of the means of birth control. Better medical facilities and nutritional programmes also support such programmes.

  7. Environment and Human Health Health is defined as a set of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In the present scenario, environment is continuously being contaminated by various pollutants. Human health is intimately connected to the surrounding environment.

  8. Influences on Human Health

  9. An individual health is the result of interaction of a number of influences which can be classified into following three types : Environmental Influences Behavioral Influences Genetic Influences

  10. HIV/AIDS • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It was first recognized as a disease in 1981, and is caused by human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) which perhaps came from chimpanzees to humans during the late 1600s.

  11. Transmission of HIV/AIDS • Sexual intercourse with an infected person without using a precaution • Sharing needles or syringes used by/on an infected person • From an infected person to a healthy person via blood transfusion • To children born out of infected mothers

  12. Symptoms of HIV/AIDS AIDS has no specific symptoms. The following are some opportunistic infections that easily affect HIV positive people. Merely the presence of these symptoms does not indicate that the person is HIV positive. • Lack of energy • Weight loss • Frequent fevers and sweats • Persistent or frequent yeast infections • Persistent skin rashes or flaky skin • Short-term memory loss • Mouth, genital, or anal sores from herpes infections

  13. Test for HIV

  14. Protection Against HIV/AIDS • Avoid unprotected sexual contact. Always practice safe sex. • Remain faithful to your partner. Do not have multiple sexual partners. • Always use sterile needles, syringes, and other instruments. • Always use blood that is certified HIV negative. • Avoid pregnancy if infected with HIV. • Always remain alert and fully aware regarding the causes and prevention of AIDS.

  15. Women and Child Welfare

  16. Government of India established a Department of Women and Child Development in 1985 as a part of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, which is a nodal agency responsible for co-coordinating the activities the activities of women and child development carried out by the private, non-governmental organization (NGOs) and government department. This department has four autonomous organizations: National Commission of Women National Institute of Public Co-operation and Child Development Rashtriya Mahila Kosh Central Social Welfare Board

  17. Women Welfare • Important Laws and Rules in India to Safeguard the Interests of Women • The Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment At Workplace Bill, 2007 • Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act,2005 • Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 • Dowry Prohibition Rules • Indecent Representation of Women • The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act and Rules • National Commission for Women Act

  18. Children welfare Some of the programmes undertaken for child welfare in India are: • Children Immunization • Integrated Child Development Services( ICDS)

  19. Child Welfare Important Laws and Rules in India to Safeguard the Interests of Children • The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000 • The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules •  The Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005 • National Commission for Protection of Child Rights Rules,2006, • The Commissions For Protection of Child Rights (Amendment) Act, 2006 • The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 • The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 • Notification issued by the MWCD regarding enforcement of IMS Amendment Act • The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles, and Infant Foods (Regulation of • Production, Supply, and Distribution) Amendment Act, 2003 • National  Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding

  20. Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health IT provides us with information regarding the following: • probable dangers related to indiscriminate use of natural resources • hazardous results due to the use of various pesticides and germicides • animal products (hide, bone, milk, etc.) and plant resources in an area • effective control of population growth • soil erosion and conservation • education and public awareness • changes in the health care delivery system • community health information networks

  21. Population growth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b98JmQ0Cc3k

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