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The HYSPLIT Model Transport and Dispersion System

The HYSPLIT Model Transport and Dispersion System. Roland Draxler, Barbara Stunder, and Glenn Rolph NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) Silver Spring, MD. Why dispersion modeling?

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The HYSPLIT Model Transport and Dispersion System

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  1. The HYSPLIT Model Transport and Dispersion System Roland Draxler, Barbara Stunder, and Glenn Rolph NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) Silver Spring, MD

  2. Why dispersion modeling? • Radiological – Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Washingtonper WMO Documentation on RSMC Support for Environmental Emergency Response (WMO-TD/No. 778) • Volcanic ash • NOAA-FAA MOU on Volcanic Hazards Alert • Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (Washington and Anchorage)per ICAO*International Standards and Recommended Practices; Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation • Homeland Security – support WFOs • *ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization

  3. Current Version Scripts and executables for each application (radiological, volcanic ash, homeland security) Data and options hardwired New Version Single executable Options controlled by unified pre- and post-processing scripts Software self-contained for easy installation at backup facilities System Description

  4. Meteorology

  5. hls Current version - input menu summaries (note variability) PLEASE VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 1) ORG DESCRIPTION : sdm 2) RUN DESCRIPTION : Test run of the on-demand HYSPLIT Model 3) METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS : ETA 4) SOURCE IDENTIFICATION NAME : TEST 5) SOURCE LATITUDE (- is SOUTH) : 40.0 6) SOURCE LONGITUDE (- is WEST) : -90.0 7) (RELEASE TIME) YEAR : 2004 8) (RELEASE TIME) MONTH : 07 9) (RELEASE TIME) DAY : 19 10) (RELEASE TIME) HOUR : 19 11) RELEASE DURATION (HOURS) : 1 12) TOP OF RELEASE (METERS) : 50 13) System Priority : LOW 14) View/Edit Advanced Parameters ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES: radiological VAFTAD PLEASE VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 1) SIMULATION TYPE : Test of the RSMC Response System 2) METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS : AVN 3) SITE IDENTIFICATION NAME : CALVERT_CLIFFS-1 4) SITE LATITUDE (- is SOUTH) : 38.43 5) SITE LONGITUDE (- is WEST) : -76.44 6) (RELEASE TIME) YEAR : 2004 7) (RELEASE TIME) MONTH : 07 8) (RELEASE TIME) DAY : 19 9) (RELEASE TIME) HOUR : 18 10) View/Edit Advanced Parameters ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES: PLEASE VERIFY THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION YOU HAVE ENTERED 1) ORG DESCRIPTION : SDM 2) DESCRIPTION : 1 (TEST - NO ALERT) 3) REGION : 8 (N HEMIS - SUBGRID AVN) 4) MAP CENTER LAT : 50. 5) MAP CENTER LON : -110. 6) MAP RADIUS (DEG) : 30 7) VOLCANO NAME : MT_ST_HELENS 8) VOLCANO LAT : 46.20 9) VOLCANO LON : 122.18 10) VOLCANO HEIGHT : 8363 11) ERUPTION HOUR : 12 12) ERUPTION DAY : 19 13) ERUPTION MONTH : 07 14) ERUPTION YEAR : 2004 15) ERUPTION DURATION: 01 16) ASH COLUMN TOP : 32,000 ARE THE VALUES CORRECT (Y/N): VERIFY/EDIT ADVANCED PARAMETER SETTINGS 1) RUN DURATION (HOURS) : 48 2) EMISSION RATE (MASS/HOUR) : 1.0000 do not change emission rate unless it is known 3) BASE OF RELEASE (METERS) : 10 4) (SAMPLING START) YEAR : 2004 5) (SAMPLING START) MONTH : 07 6) (SAMPLING START) DAY : 19 7) TOP OF CONCENTRATION OUTPUT LAYER (METERS) : 500 ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES: VERIFY/EDIT ADVANCED PARAMETER SETTINGS 1) RUN DURATION : 72 2) RELEASE DURATION : 6 3) EMMISION RATE : 0.1667 4) BASE OF RELEASE : 10 5) TOP OF RELEASE : 500 6) POLLUTANT SPECIES : C137 7) (SAMPLING START) YEAR : 2004 8) (SAMPLING START) MONTH : 07 9) (SAMPLING START) DAY : 19 ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES: METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS ---------------------------------------- 1 ETA (12 km) 2 High Resolution Window (4 km) ---------------------------------------- ENTER MODEL DESCRIPTION NUMBER:

  6. New version - “review menu” summaries (note similarity) volcanic ash radiological hls • THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT • THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION • 1) RUN DESCRIPTION • : volcanic ash - test • 2) METEOROLOGICAL DATA : GFS • 3) VOLCANO NAME : ST._HELENS • 4) VOLCANO LATITUDE • (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE) : 46.20 • 5) VOLCANO LONGITUDE • (WEST IS NEGATIVE) : -122.18 • SUMMIT HEIGHT • (enter 15 for advanced parameters) • 6) (RELEASE TIME) YEAR : 2004 • 7) (RELEASE TIME) MONTH : 07 • 8) (RELEASE TIME) DAY : 19 • 9) (RELEASE TIME) HOUR : 12 • 10) (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE : 00 • 11) ERUPTION DURATION (hours) : 1.0 • ASH COLUMN TOP (feet) : 32000 • 13) ASH COLUMN TOP ESTIMATED label (0=no 1=yes) : 0 • 14) N/A • 15) View/Edit Advanced Parameters • ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) • TO ACCEPT VALUES: THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 1) RUN DESCRIPTION : Test of the RSMC Response System 2) METEOROLOGICAL DATA : GFS 3) SITE NAME : CALVERT_CLIFFS-1 4) SITE LATITUDE (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE) : 38.43 5) SITE LONGITUDE (WEST IS NEGATIVE) : -76.44 6) (RELEASE TIME) YEAR : 2004 7) (RELEASE TIME) MONTH : 07 8) (RELEASE TIME) DAY : 19 9) (RELEASE TIME) HOUR : 18 10) (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE : 00 11) RELEASE DURATION (hours) : 6.0 12) TOP OF RELEASE (meters, minimum 10): 500 13) RESULTS BASED ON DEFAULT INITIAL VALUES label (0=no 1=yes) : 1 14) N/A 15) View/Edit Advanced Parameters ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES: THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 1) RUN DESCRIPTION : Test run of the on-demand HYSPLIT Model 2) METEOROLOGICAL DATA : ETA 3) SITE NAME : TEST 4) SITE LATITUDE (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE) : 40. 5) SITE LONGITUDE (WEST IS NEGATIVE) : -90. 6) (RELEASE TIME) YEAR : 2004 7) (RELEASE TIME) MONTH : 07 8) (RELEASE TIME) DAY : 19 9) (RELEASE TIME) HOUR : 18 10) (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE : 00 11) RELEASE DURATION (hours) : 1.0 12) TOP OF RELEASE (meters, minimum 10): 50 13) N/A 14) N/A 15) View/Edit Advanced Parameters ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

  7. New Version –User Input via setup_hysplit script • user is prompted for inputs • run type (radiological, volcanic ash, hls) • event location, release/eruption height and duration • meteorology • labeling information (test, etc.) • then given chance to edit inputs and defaulted date/time of incident in the “Review Menu” • “Advanced Parameters Menu” is last option listed in the Review Menu • contains less typically changed values • output grid specs (center lat,lon, span, grid spacing, etc.) • source specs (emission rate, particle/gas, deposition constants, half-life, etc.) • model specs (puff/particle/combination, number of particles, etc.) • not all features are available in all run types, but could easily be added • SDMs and NWS/Alaska Aviation Weather Unit MIC have been trained in the setup script.

  8. New version - “Review Menu” radiological example THIS IS THE REVIEW MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION 1) RUN DESCRIPTION : Test of the RSMC Response System 2) METEOROLOGICAL DATA : ETA 3) SITE NAME : CALVERT_CLIFFS-1 4) SITE LATITUDE (SOUTH IS NEGATIVE) : 38.43 5) SITE LONGITUDE (WEST IS NEGATIVE) : -76.44 6) (RELEASE TIME) YEAR : 2004 7) (RELEASE TIME) MONTH : 07 8) (RELEASE TIME) DAY : 19 9) (RELEASE TIME) HOUR : 18 10) (RELEASE TIME) MINUTE : 00 11) RELEASE DURATION (hours) : 6.0 12) TOP OF RELEASE (meters, minimum 10): 500 13) RESULTS BASED ON DEFAULT INITIAL VALUES label (0=no 1=yes) : 1 14) N/A 15) View/Edit Advanced Parameters ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

  9. New version - “Advanced Parameters Menu” radiological example THIS IS THE ADVANCED PARAMETERS MENU... VERIFY/EDIT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. 1) RUN DURATION (hours) : 72 2) EMISSION RATE (per hour) : 0.1667 3) BASE OF RELEASE (meters) : 10 4) CONCENTRATION GRID #1 5) N/A 6) POLLUTANT : C137 7) SETUP.CFG parameters 8) N/A 9) N/A 10) N/A 11) 2nd METEOROLOGY (use after ETA): undefined 12) N/A 13) RUN SEQUENCE NUMBER : 01 14) Override label CALVERT_CLIFFS-1 to TEST (0=no 1=yes) : 0 ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

  10. New version - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological VERIFY/EDITCONC GRID #1PARAMETER SETTINGS 1) (SAMPLING START) YEAR : 2004 2) (SAMPLING START) MONTH : 07 3) (SAMPLING START) DAY : 19 4) TOP OF CONCENTRATION OUTPUT LAYER (m) : 500 5) CENTER OF CONCENTRATION GRID LATITUDE : 38.43 6) CENTER OF CONCENTRATION GRID LONGITUDE : -76.44 7) CONC GRID SPACING (decimal degrees) DLAT : 0.3 8) CONC GRID SPACING (decimal degrees) DLON : 0.3 9) CONC GRID SPAN (degrees) SPLAT : 90. 10) CONC GRID SPAN (degrees) SPLON : 180. 11) OUTPUT AVERAGING TIME (hours) : 24 12) N/A ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

  11. New version - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological (cont) VERIFY/EDITPOLLUTANT PARAMETER SETTINGS 1) POLLUTANT ID : C137 2) SET ALL DEFAULT DEPOSITION VALUES 3) DRY DEPOSITION VELOCITY (m/s) : .001 4) WET DEPOSITION IN-CLOUD (L/L) : 3.2E+5 5) WET DEPOSITION BELOW-CLOUD (/s) : 5.0E-5 6) RADIOACTIVE HALF-LIFE (days) : 10960. ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

  12. New version - Advanced Parameters submenus radiological (cont) VERIFY/EDITSETUP.CFG PARAMETER SETTINGS 1) INITD (initial distribution) : 4 2) KHMAX (maximum part duration, h) : 9999 3) NUMPAR (number of part to release): 500 4) ISOT (turbulence) : 0 5) NDUMP (write PARDUMP) : 0 6) KMSL (starting height reference): 0 7) reset defaults ENTER NUMBER TO EDIT OR (Y) TO ACCEPT VALUES:

  13. New Version – Output post-processing • dependent on requirement/customer • postscript, GIF, G3, GIS shapefile, GRIB for NAWIPS

  14. Current Version HYSPLIT 4.2, Nov 1999 100-km GFS on demand Limited input in setup script New Version HYSPLIT 4.7, Dec 2003 1-deg GFS pre-processed and/or ETA-12, NMM-4 More options in “advanced” menu Improved model physics … Gaussian random numbers Non-homogeneous turbulence correction (stays well mixed) Option to use of ETA TKE fields Turbulent velocities for 3D dispersion Latitude-longitude input data grids Dynamic array allocation Multi-processor simulations Radiological Application

  15. Current Version (AVN) New Version (ETA) Radiological Example(shows sensitivity of dispersion to deformation field)

  16. Current Version VAFTAD code last revised 1999 190-km GFS hemispheric grids Fixed 1-h integration time step Fixed particle size and mass distributions Choice of fixed eruption durations from 1 to 24 hours Pre-configured map domains Internal pressure coordinate system Model rerun for ash reductions New Version HYSPLIT 4.7, Dec 2003 1-deg global GFS pre-processed and/or ETA-12 Variable integration time step (usually ~12 min) Particle initialization set in model control file Eruption durations from smallest model time step to run duration permitted Automatic map optimization and scaling Internal terrain following coordinate system Ash reduction done automatically Volcanic Ash Application

  17. Current Version (VAFTAD) New Version (HYSPLIT) Volcanic Ash Example – Soufrierre Hills, Montserrat Dec 1997 • composite layer shown • archived meteorology Valid 12 UTC Dec 26 Valid 18 UTC Dec 26

  18. New Version (HYSPLIT, archived meteorology) Volcanic Ash Example (cont.) VAAC analysis Valid 15 UTC Dec. 26

  19. Current Version HYSPLIT version 4.x Fine scale output every 3h (+3h to +12h) Coarse output every 6h (+18h to +48h) New Version HYSPLIT 4.7, Dec 2003 Fine scale output every 1h (+1h to +4h) Coarse output every 3h (+7h to +22h)  Homeland Security Applications

  20. Current Version New Version Homeland Security Example

  21. Future Upgrades Currently Being Tested • Extend existing CONUS Eta to +84 hours • Additional meteorological data grids • Eta over Alaska/North Pacific • CONUS Eta grid with hourly fields • Higher resolution GFS (0.5 deg) • Convert from pressure NMM to native sigma coordinates • Output grids • Hourly volcanic ash output for NAWIPS • Host RSMC web page at NCEP • Model Physics • Automatic particle-puff transformations • Short-range dispersion algorithms • Partitioning TKE between horizontal and vertical • Ensemble dispersion forecasts based on NCEP short-range and global ensembles

  22. Potential New Applications • Forest fire smoke transport and dispersion • Simple ozone chemistry (3-equation steady state or 7-equation differential solution) • PM10 air concentrations from dust storms • 2-D transport on water surfaces • Internal offset trajectory based ensemble • Satellite “assimilation”

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