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Andrey Shevchuk , HSE, associate professor Denis Strebkov , HSE, associate professor

Andrey Shevchuk , HSE, associate professor Denis Strebkov , HSE, associate professor. New forms of self-employment in Russia: Remote work patterns and E-markets. XIII April international Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development ( April 5, 2012 ).

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Andrey Shevchuk , HSE, associate professor Denis Strebkov , HSE, associate professor

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  1. AndreyShevchuk,HSE, associate professor Denis Strebkov, HSE, associate professor New forms of self-employment in Russia:Remote work patterns and E-markets XIII April international Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development (April 5, 2012) This study was carried out within “The National Research University Higher School of Economics’ Academic FundProgram in 2010-2012, research grant No. 10-01-0129.

  2. Self-Employment in the New Economy • Service sector • Knowledge-intensive and Creative industries • Remote work or Telework (using ICT) • Global E-markets 2

  3. E-lance economy “The fundamental unit of such an economy is not the corporation but the individual. Tasks aren’t assigned and controlled through a stable chain of management but rather are carried out autonomously by independent contractors. These electronically connected freelancers – e-lancers – join together into fluid and temporary networks to produce and sell goods and services. When the job is done – after a day, a month, a year – the network dissolves, and its members become independent agents again, circulating through the economy, seeking the next assignment”. Thomas W. Malone and Robert J. Laubacher The Dawn of the E-Lance Economy (1998)

  4. Online Marketplaces for Freelancers

  5. New phenomenon for Russia • Self-employment in the USSR was illegal • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) lag

  6. Self-employment in Russia Source: ILO 6

  7. Online Marketplaces for Freelancers Source: FOM, RLMS-HSE, E-skills.com, Pew Research Center 7

  8. Free-lance.Ru: Registered Users Growth Amount of users (in thousands) 8

  9. Data Overview 1. Second Russian Freelance Survey (2011, March), N = 10,943 • Future freelancers (2,925) • Active freelancers (7,179) (from Russia – 4,474) • Former freelancers (839) 2. Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – HSE (2010, Oct), N = 21,343 • Russian working population(10,145) 47.5% of general population • Russian employees using the Internet for their work (2,017) 9.5% of general population 19.9% of Russian working population

  10. Questionnaire: about 50 questions • Demographic and professional profile • Work values and motivation • Employment strategies • Relationships with clients • Satisfaction • Income and well-being • Self-management • Work-life balance

  11. Gender %

  12. Age % Mean: 28.5 35.0 38.3 years old

  13. Education %

  14. Employment Status Employees (43%) Students (13%) GENUINE FREELANCERS (29%) Entre-preneurs (8%) House-wives (6%)

  15. Skills of Freelancers %

  16. Work Values Which aspects do you personally think are important in a job? %

  17. Working Hours Mean: 51 42 45 hours 17

  18. Earnings (average monthly post-tax personal income in USD) Mean: 1,090 665 480 USD 18

  19. Satisfaction All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole nowadays? 19

  20. Conclusion: Electronic Freelancers in Russia • Young individuals with a higher enterprising spirit and human capital, offering creative and knowledge-intensive services. • Work longer hours than regular employees and often operate under pressure, but have a higher income, enjoy autonomy at work and are satisfied with their lives. • “New middle class” and the vanguard of the workforce in terms of the nature of work, ICT-competence and motivation. • Play an important role in the development of the Internet, e-business, and innovative entrepreneurship. • But still very narrow and highly specific category of the workforce. 20

  21. BE FREE ! Contact us: strebkov@hse.ru shevchuk@hse.ru

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