iesqrIAW Aqy suDwr

1. iesqrIAW Aqy suDwr iqAwr krqw pwT: 17 jmwq: A`TvIN ivSw: smwijk is`iKAw jsikrn (smwijk is`iKAw mwstr) srkwrI hweI skUl cONk lSmnsr

2. pUrv igAwn prK • purwqx smyN iv`c smwj dI hwlq iks qrHW dI sI? • purwqx smyN iv`c mrdw dI hwlq iks qrHW dI sI? • aus smyN sBqoN qrsXog hwlq iksdI huMdI sI? • iesqrIAW nwl iks qrHW dw vrqwv huMdw sI? • iesqrIAW dI hwlq Aqy suDwr vwry ivsQwr pUrvk d`so?

3. 19vIN sdI iv`c iesqrIAW dI hwlq bVI qrsXog sI[ • iesqrIAW dy suDwr leI AMdolnW dI loV peI[

4. lVkIAW dI h`iqAw krnw • aus smyN lVkI dI SwdI vwsqy bhuq Dn Krc krnw pYNdw sI, Xog vr l`Bxw AOKw sI[ • ies leI lVkI nUM jnm lYx smyN hI mwr id`qw jWdw sI[

5. bwl ivAwh CotI aumr iv`c hI lVkI dw ivAwh kr idMdy sn, ijs kwrn lVkIAW AnpV hI rih jWdIAW sn[

6. sqI pRQw jyykr iksy iesqrI dw pqI mr jWdw sI qW ausnMU jbrdsqI ausdy pqI dI icqw nwl jlw id`qw jWdw sI[

7. prdw pRQw iesqrIAW nMU GrW dy AMdr prdy iv`c rihxw pYNdw sI[

8. dhyj pRQw • grIb lokW nMU AwpxI lVkI nMU dhyz dyx leI SwhUkwrW pwsoN krzw lYxw pYNdw sI[ • ies krky keI vwr lVkIAW Awqm-h`iqAw kr lYNdIAW sn[

9. iesqrIAW nMU AnpV r`iKAw jWdw sI[ iesqrIAW nUM is`iKAw pRpqI dw AiDkwr nhI huMdw sI[

10. bhuq swry smwj suDwrkW ny iesqrIAW dy msly qy ivSyS iDAwn id`qw[

11. rwjw rwm mohn rwey • rwjw rwm mohn rwey 19vIN sdI dy mhwn suDwrk sn[ • iehnW ny 1829 eI: iv`c sqI pRQw qy kwnMUnI pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • kuVIAW dI h`iqAw Aqy prdw pRQw dw ivroD kIqw[

12. eISvr cMdr iv`idAw swgr iehnW lVkIAW nMU pVwaux leI bMgwl iv`c 25 skUl sQwipq kIqy Aqy bwl ivAwh dw KMfn kIqw[

13. svwmI dXwnMd • svwmI dXwnMd ivDvw ivAwh dy h`k iv`c sn[ • iehnW lVkIAW leI islweI-kFweI dy sYNtr Koly[

14. sr sX`d Aihmd KW • iehnW p`CmI is`iKAw dyx leI 1874 eI: iv`c AlIgV ivKy muhmfn AYNglo-aurIAYNtl skUl sQwipq kIqw[ • 1878 eI: iv`c kwlj KoilAw Aqy 1920 eI: iv`c ieh kwlj AlIgV musilm XUnIvristI bxw id`qw igAw[ AlIgV musilm XUnIvristI

15. nwmDwrI AMdoln Aqy sRI siqgurU rwm isMG jI • sRI siqgurU rwm isMG jI ny 12 ApRYl 1857 eI: nMU sRI BYxI swihb (luiDAwxw) iv`Ky nwmDwrI lihr dI sQwpnw kIqI[ • iehnW ny smUihk ivAwh pRxwlI clweI, ijs Anuswr svw rupey iv`c ivAwh dI rsm pUrI kr id`qI jWdI sI[ • ies nMU ‘AwnMd ivAwh’ dw nW id`qw igAw[

16. svwmI ivvykwnMd • svwmI jI ny 1897 eI: iv`c Awpxy gurU dI Xwd iv`c rwmw ikRSn imSn dI sQwpnw kIqI[ • iehnW ny keI skUl Aqy lwiebRyrIAW dI sQwpnw kIqI[

17. SRI mqI AYnI bysYNt sYNtrl ihMdU kwlj SRI mqI AYnI bysYNt iehnW ny 1898 eI: iv`c bnwrs iv`Ky sYNtrl ihMdU kwlj sQwipq kIqw, ijQy ihMdU Drm dy nwl-nwl hornW DrmW dI vI is`iKAw id`qI jWdI sI[

18. suDwr AMdolnW dw pRBwv • 1795 eI. Aqy 1804 eI. iv`c kwnUMn pws krky kMinAw dI h`iqAw krn qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • 1829 eI. iv`c lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk ny kwnMUn rwhIN sqI-pRQw qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • srkwr ny 1843 eI. iv`c kwnUMn pws krky Bwrq iv`c dwj pRQw Kqm kr id`qI[ • 1854 eI. dy vu`f ifspYc iv`c iesqrIAW dI is`iKAw qy zor id`qw igAw[

19. AiBAws

20. KwlI QwvW Bro[ • CotI aumr iv`c hI lVkI dw ivAwh krn nMU _______ kihMdy hn[ • jyykr iksy iesqrI dw pqI mr jWdw sI qW ausnMU jbrdsqI ausdy _____nwl jlw id`qw jWdw sI[ • iesqrIAW nMU GrW dy AMdr ____ iv`c rihxw pYNdw sI[ • grIb lokW nMU AwpxI lVkI nMU ____ dyx leI SwhUkwrW pwsoN krzw lYxw pYNdw sI[ • lVkIAW nMU pVwaux leI bMgwl iv`c ______ skUl sQwipq kIqy gey[

21. KwlI QwvW Bro[ • 1795 eI. Aqy 1804 eI. iv`c kwnUMn pws krky ______ krn qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • 1829 eI. iv`c lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk ny kwnMUn rwhIN _______ qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • srkwr ny 1843 eI. iv`c kwnUMn pws krky Bwrq iv`c ______ Kqm kr id`qI[ • 1854 eI. dy vu`f ifspYc iv`c _________ qy zor id`qw igAw[ • bhuq swry smwj suDwrkW ny _______ dy msly qy ivSyS iDAwn id`qw[

22. au~qr • CotI aumr iv`c hI lVkI dw ivAwh krn nMU bwl ivAwh kihMdy hn[ • jyykr iksy iesqrI dw pqI mr jWdw sI qW ausnMU jbrdsqI ausdy pqI nwl jlw id`qw jWdw sI[ • iesqrIAW nMU GrW dy AMdr prdy iv`c rihxw pYNdw sI[ • grIb lokW nMU AwpxI lVkI nMU dhyz dyx leI SwhUkwrW pwsoN krzw lYxw pYNdw sI[ • lVkIAW nMU pVwaux leI bMgwl iv`c 25 skUl sQwipq kIqy gey[

23. au~qr • 1795 eI. Aqy 1804 eI. iv`c kwnUMn pws krky kMinAw dI h`iqAw krn qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • 1829 eI. iv`c lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk ny kwnMUn rwhIN sqI-pRQwqy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ • srkwr ny 1843 eI. iv`c kwnUMn pws krky Bwrq iv`c dwj pRQw Kqm kr id`qI[ • 1854 eI. dy vu`f ifspYc iv`c iesqrIAW dI is`iKAw qy zor id`qw igAw[ • bhuq swry smwj suDwrkW ny iesqrIAW dy msly qy ivSyS iDAwn id`qw[

24. shI nwl imlwau • eISvr cMdr iv`idAw swgr • rwjw rwm mohn rwey • svwmI dXwnMd • SRI mqI AYnI bysYNt • sRI siqgurU rwm isMG jI • sYNtrl ihMdU kwlj • AwnMd ivAwh • e) sqI pRQw qy kwnMUn pwbMdI • s) islweI-kFweI • h) 25 skUl

25. au~qr • h • e • s • a • A

26. shI-glq • svwmI dXwnMd ivDvw ivAwh dy h`k iv`c sn[ • rwjw rwm mohn rwey 19vIN sdI dy mhwn suDwrk sn[ • rwjw rwm mohn rwey kuVIAW dI h`iqAw Aqy prdw pRQw dw ivroD nhI kIqw[ • rwjw rwm mohn rwey lVkIAW leI islweI-kFweI dy sYNtr Koly[ • 1829 eI. iv`c lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk ny kwnMUn rwhIN sqI-pRQw qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[

27. au~qr • svwmI dXwnMd ivDvw ivAwh dy h`k iv`c sn[ shI • rwjw rwm mohn rwey 19vIN sdI dy mhwn suDwrk sn[ shI • rwjw rwm mohn rwey kuVIAW dI h`iqAw Aqy prdw pRQw dw ivroD nhI kIqw[ glq • rwjw rwm mohn rwey lVkIAW leI islweI-kFweI dy sYNtr Koly[ glq • 1829 eI. iv`c lwrf ivlIAm bYNitk ny kwnMUn rwhIN sqI-pRQw qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ shI

28. pRSnwvlI • pR:- lVkIAW dI h`iqAw krnw qy not ilKo? • pR:- svwmI ivvykwnMd bwry ivsQwr pUrvk ilKo? • pR:- bwl ivAwh qoN kI Bwv hYy ivsQwr pUrvk ilKo? • pR:- SRI mqI AYnI bysYNt vwry ivsQwr pUrvk ilKo? • pR:- sRI siqgurU rwm isMG jIvwry ivsQwr pUrvk ilKo?

29. DMnvwd