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Hematology

Hematology. The Study of Blood. The average body has 8-10 pints of blood Loss of more than 2 pints is potentially life threatening Rapid or chronic loss, increased destruction, decreased production. Functions of blood. Nutritive Transports from small intestine, storage organs Respiratory

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Hematology

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  1. Hematology The Study of Blood

  2. The average body has 8-10 pints of blood • Loss of more than 2 pints is potentially life threatening • Rapid or chronic loss, increased destruction, decreased production

  3. Functions of blood • Nutritive • Transports from small intestine, storage organs • Respiratory • Transports O2 and CO2 • Excretory • Waste:lactic acid, urea and creatinine • Regulatory • Water, hormones, temperature • Protective • Antibodies, defensive cells

  4. Blood travels the body through arteries, veins, capillaries • Oxygenated blood flows in arteries away from the heart • Deoxygenated blood flows in veins towards the heart

  5. Blood composition • Plasma- the liquid portion of blood 3 main cell types • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets- fragments of cells • 1 white cell for every 1-2 thousand red cells

  6. Plasma • Proteins • Fibrinogen • Albumin • Globulin • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones • Waste

  7. Demo • Making a blood smear • Use 3rd or 4th finger. Why? • Least used, least chance of infection • Disinfect using 70% alcohol or betadine. Why? • Bacterial contamination- staph and/or strep, both gram positive cocci

  8. Making a blood smear One layer thick, stained with Wright’s stain Differential= count 100 wbc’s and categorize Morphology- look at shape of rbc’s

  9. Red Blood Cells • Bi concave disc • Contain hemoglobin, an iron containing protein that binds oxygen.

  10. Formation of Red Blood Cells • Formed in bone marrow • Go through a maturation process • Loose nucleus • Live 120 days • Broken down by liver and spleen

  11. White Blood Cells • Manufactured in bone marrow and lymph nodes • Body’s defensive system • 5 basic types • Lymphocytes • Monocytes • Eosinophis • Basophils • Polymorphonuclear

  12. Neutrophils AKA Polymorphonuclear cell Most prevalent Protect against bacteria by phagocytosis

  13. Monocytes • Phagocytosis of foreign proteins • Can migrate through tissue • Wall off tissue

  14. When monocytes move into tissue they can become macrophages

  15. Eosinophil • Eliminate parasites, especially worms • Allergic reactions • Phagocytosis • Abnormally high in shunt fluids

  16. Basophils • Produce histamine, a vasodilator, and heparin, an anticoagulant

  17. lymphocytes • 2 types: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes • B lymphocytes form antibodies • T lymphocytes prepare foreign proteins for phagocytosis

  18. The CBC with Differential • CBC complete blood count • Wbcs • Rbcs • Hemoglobin • Hematocrit • Platelets • Differential: stained smear reporting % of different types of wbcs

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