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Slums The New Faces of the Developing World Cities

Slums The New Faces of the Developing World Cities. By; Navid Foroutan BDS (India), PGDip Pub Health (School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand). In today’s world, slums and their existence is a reality which can not be ignored

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Slums The New Faces of the Developing World Cities

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  1. SlumsThe New Faces of the Developing World Cities By; NavidForoutan BDS (India), PGDip Pub Health (School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand)

  2. In today’s world, slums and their existence is a reality which can not be ignored • Hundreds of millions of people are living in very poor living environments without access to basic living requirements • Today, massive urbanisation and slumification of urban centres is one of the biggest challenges of public health

  3. Learning objectives At the end of this presentation you will have a brief knowledge of; 1- Urbanisation in the beginning of 21st century 2- Basic characteristics of an urban slum 3- Major health issues that the slum dwellers face 4- Global statistics and slum concentration in different world regions 5- Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in relation to slums and slum dwellers

  4. Urban Population • In the developed world, 952 million people or 77% of the population (of 1.23 billion) will live in urban areas by 2015 • In the developing regions, 2.9 billion people or 48.7 % of the population (of 5.97 billion) will live in urban areas by 2015

  5. Urban Population growth

  6. Urban vs. Rural population

  7. Population of some of the Mega-Cities in Less Developed Regions by 2015 (in millions); • Mumbai 22.6 • Mexico City 20.6 • Dhaka 17.9 Illegal Housing in developing world; e.g. of more than 50% illegal; • Addis Ababa 85% • Jakarta 62% e.g. of 30-50% of illegal housing; • Manila 40% • Karachi 50%

  8. Slum (Definition) A slum household is a household that lacks any one of the following five elements: • Access to improved water( access to sufficient amount of water for family use, at an affordable price, available to household members without being subject to extreme effort) • Access to improved sanitation ( access to an excreta disposal system, either in the form of a private toilet or a public toilet shared with a reasonable number of people)

  9. Slum Definition Cont. • Security of tenure ( evidence of documentation to prove secure tenure status or de facto or perceived protection from evictions ) • Durability of housing( permanent and adequate structure in non-hazardous location) • Sufficient living area ( not more than two people sharing the same room)

  10. Global Statistics • 970 million people live in slums in 2005 • More than 70% of urban population in Africa live in slums • 270 million urban residents in south and central Asia live in slums • It is projected that if urban poverty rises at the same pace nearly 2 billion people would be in slums by 2030

  11. Slum vs. Non-Slum population in different world regions

  12. Percentage of slum dwellers in different world regions

  13. Water and Sanitation Water and sanitation for urban poor; • In 2000 about 1.1 billion people around the world lacked access to safe drinking water • Another 2.4 billion to improved sanitation • Access to safe drinking water: – Slums 37.2% – Overall urban 75.8% • access to safe sanitation: – Slums 19.8% – Overall urban 64.0%

  14. Health risks to slum dwellers • Contaminated water (cholera , typhoid, etc) • Inadequate disposal of human wastes • Wastewater and garbage • Insects, pests (e.g. rats) and parasites in homes • Insufficient living spaces, poor ventilation and overcrowding • Children at risk from traffic, unsafe or contaminated sites • Indoor air pollution

  15. Health risks to slum dwellers, cont • House sites vulnerable to landslides or floods • Nutritional deficiencies • No or inadequate health care and advice • No emergency services • High rates of mental illness and suicide • AIDS

  16. Urban population living in Slums

  17. Infant mortality in the world

  18. Infant Mortality in Bangladesh

  19. Millennium Development Goals • MDG (target 11, goal 7): to improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by the year 2020 • It is only 10 per cent of the present worldwide slum population, which, left unchecked, will multiply three fold to 3 billion by the year 2050

  20. MDG, cont. • How ? Any programme ? • No , at the global level no agency is driving this process • There is a strong need for a new “healthy slums programmes“ that can be launched jointly by organisations like : WHO, UN-HABITAT and UNICEF.

  21. Health Promotion for Slum Dwellers • Any programme of health promotion and improving quality of life of the slum dwellers should; • Bring high quality health interventions to the slum neighbour hoods • Be accompanied by participation of the slum community in designing and various other stages

  22. Health Promotion for Slum Dwellers, cont. • Requires a multi sectoral approach involving a range of departments at local and national levels • Include strengthening of the capacity of slum dwellers , local governments and other stakeholders

  23. References and further reading • www.unhabitat.org • www.un.org/millenniumgoals • www.unwater.org • Robert Neuwirth: Shadow Cities, New York, 2006, Routledge • Mike Davis: Planet of Slums, London, New York 2006 • World Mortality Report, 2005

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