Simple Organisms part 2

1. Simple Organismspart 2 Protistand Fungi

2. Oh Bacteria! • Oh, lacking any nucleus, you do have a cell wallYou live in water, air, and soil, and anywhere at allYou reproduce by fission and you do so very fastAnd under harsh conditions in an endospore you last • Chorus: Oh bacteria though simple and so smallWithout you ecosystems would not function well at all

3. True or False Review Questions Use thumbs up for True Use thumbs down for False 1. The 3 Domains of prokaryotes are eukaryotic, archaea and bacteria. 2. Protistacan be multicellular, unicellular, animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like and prokaryotic. 3.Viruses are living DNA particles that use host cells to reproduce in a process called the Lytic cycle.

4. A. Kingdom Protista • They are unicellular or simple multicellular organisms and all are eukaryotes (have a nucleus). • They can be plant-like (algae), animal-like, or fungus-like, depending on how they obtain food. • Some can reproduce sexually (through conjugation), asexually, or both.

5. Algae: Plant-like Protists Description: 1. Contain chlorophyll that captures the sun’s energy for photosynthesis 2. Most of the multicellular protist are algae Examples: 1. Algae or seaweed 2. Diatoms 3. Volvox 4. Phytoplankton

6. Diatoms Plant-like Red Tide (algae bloom) Carrageenan Euglena

7. Protozoa: Animal-like Protists Description: • They eat other organisms to obtain food • Ingest the food and break it down to obtain energy • All are single celled Examples: • Paramecium (see picture above) • Ameoba Ameoba

8. Animal-like Amoebae of Entamoebahistolytica, the cause of amoebic dysentery in humans; Trypanosome brucei, a flagellate protozoan causing sleeping sickness in humans

9. Decomposers: Fungus-like Protists Description: Examples: Water mold Slime mold Plasmodial slime mold • Absorb food from their surroundings • Mold—any organism with a fuzzy-looking growth • Helps organisms decay into nutrients for plants and animals.

10. Fungus-like Dog Vomit Slime mold Scrambled Egg Slime mold Pretzel Plasmodial Slime Mold Water Mold

11. How do these devices help Protist obtain food? (Pg 34) Cilia • Helps it move around and sweeps food towards its mouth Flagella • Helps it move around Flexible cells • Cell oozes or spreads out and wraps around its food

12. How are they helpful? • Provide food for many small organism • Provides oxygen for a variety of animals • Used in Toothpastes –diatomaceous earth • Used as a thickener in chocolate milk and ice cream--carrageenan How are they harmful? • Cause Malaria which destroys red blood cells • Causes other diseases

13. B. Kingdom Fungi hyphae • Fungi are eukaryotic consumers, but they do not eat. • Most fungi obtain nutrients by secreting digestive juices into a food source, then absorbing the dissolved substances. • Fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae that grow together to form a mycelium (like roots).

14. Reproduction • Reproduce using spores • They are released into the environment and spread by the wind • They begin to grow when water and food are available spores

15. Mushrooms • Filled with hyphae (that is what you eat) • Largest type of fungi • Spores are produced in the cap (top) • Many mushrooms are poisonous

16. Mushroom

17. Molds • Fuzzy appearance • Can be helpful and harmful • Penicillin comes from a mold • Used to make cheeses

18. Molds

19. Yeast • Mostly single-cellular fungi • Grows in moist environments • Used in making bread rise

20. Yeast

21. Lichen • Symbiosis between the Protist Algae and hyphae of a Fungi • The hyphae forms a sandwich around the algae, which produce sugar and other nutrients for the fungus

22. Lichen

23. How are they helpful? • They are decomposers that recycles nutrients back into the environment • As a food source • Make certain foods, soy sauce, cheese • Creates stonewashed jeans

24. How are they harmful? • Can produce toxins or harmful chemicals • Allergens • Potato Famine, Athletes foot, Dutch elm disease, powdery white mildew