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Maintenance of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer following exposure to persistently infected cattle

This study examines the transmission of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from persistently infected (PI) cattle to white-tailed deer. The research shows evidence of transplacental infection and shedding of BVDV in white-tailed deer, suggesting that they can serve as a reservoir for the virus. The study also raises questions about the level of shedding and time of exposure in PI deer. Funding for this research was provided by Animal Health Research, Auburn University, and an AABP Research Assistantship.

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Maintenance of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer following exposure to persistently infected cattle

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  1. Maintenance of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) following exposure to persistently infected cattle T. Passler1, P.H. Walz1, S.S. Ditchkoff2, M.D. Givens1, R.W. DeYoung3, K.V. Brock1 1Departments of Clinical Sciences and Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA 2School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA 3Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA

  2. Cohabitation of BVDV-negative calves with deer Cohabitation of PI cattle with deer PI deer (17A) housed at CDRF Jan 1, 2008 Mar 8 May 7 Capture of Deer (Dec 1-18, 2006) Birth and Testing of Fawns (Jul-Aug, 2007) Birth and Testing of Fawns (Jul-Aug, 2008) Capture of pregnant deer (Feb 25-Apr 10) Mating of deer in captivity (Jan 1-21, 2007) Experimental Design 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  3. October 1, 2008: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  4. BVDV AU526 nasal swab titer Entry: 3.5 x 105 CCID50/ml Exit: 6.2 x 104 CCID50/ml BVDV KY16 nasal swab titer Entry: 3.5 x 105 CCID50/ml Exit: 1.1 x 105 CCID50/ml 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  5. 7 female white-tailed deer exposed to 2 PI cattle for 60 days • All 7 delivered fawns based upon maternity testing • Twin stillborn fetuses • Fawns were isolated and hand-raised 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  6. Pertinent Data on Fawns Born after Dams Were Exposed to 2 Cattle PI with BVDV 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  7. 4 of 7 pregnancies resulted in PI white-tailed deer Acute Infection Acute Infection Fetal Infection Fetal Infection Persistent Infection Persistent Infection

  8. Exposure of pregnant deer to PI deer • Fawn 17A: PI with BVDV 1b AU526 • Six pregnant does • Wanted pregnancies between 30-70 days • February 25 – April 10 • Cohabitation for most of gestation • Fawn 17A found dead on July 10 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  9. Data on Fawns Born after Dams Were Exposed to Fawn 17A (PI) 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  10. August 1, 2008: RT-nPCR Positive August 28, 2008: RT-nPCR Positive January 9, 2009: RT-nPCR Negative Skin IHC: Negative 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  11. Conclusions • Transmission of BVDV from PI cattle to white-tailed deer • Transplacental infection in 5/7 does • Transmission of BVDV from PI deer to in-contact deer • High antibody titers in fawns • Transplacental exposure versus passive transfer? • One PI white-tailed deer (Fawn 21) • Level of shedding of Fawn 17A or time of exposure? 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  12. Reservoir White-tailed deer as reservoir of BVDV • Criteria to be met: • Susceptibility • Disease agent must be maintained • Disease agent must be shed • Sufficient contact between species √ √ √ ? 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  13. Acknowledgments Funding provided by: Animal Health Research, Auburn University and an AABP Research Assistantship • Thomas Passler • Steve Ditchkoff • Dan Givens • Kenny Brock • Herris Maxwell • Terri Hathcock • Yijing Zhang • Heather Walz • Ann Cochran • Andrew Eason • Leland Neuhring • Emily Hanley • Randy DeYoung • George Fincher • Wildlife and Veterinary Students 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  14. Questions?Comments! passlth@vetmed.auburn.edu walzpau@vetmed.auburn.edu 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

  15. PI white-tailed deer 4th BVDV Symposium: BVDV infections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

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