EE345 - Micro-Controllers An Overview

1. EE345 - Micro-Controllers An Overview Prof. Ahmad Abu-El-Haija haija@just.edu.jo

2. Acknowledgement • This presentation is a modified version of lecture notes prepared by Dr. Pradondet Nilagupta, Kasetsart University. The latter is also a modified version based upon presentations by Prof. Maciej Ciesielski and Prof. Tilman Wolf, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and original slides from the publisher. Digital System Design

3. Course Outline • Digital System and Binary Numbers • Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates • Gate-Level Minimization • Combinational Logic Circuits & Design • Synchronous Sequential Logic Design • Registers and Counters • Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) EE345 – Micro-Controllers

4. Textbook & References • Main Textbook • M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti , Digital Design 4th Edition, Prentice Hall 2007 • Reference Material • John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices4th Edition, Prentice Hall 2006 • Handout and manual of a Programmable Interface Controller EE345 – Micro-Controllers

5. Course Assessment • Quizzes 10% • Two exams 50% • Final Exam 40% EE345 – Micro-Controllers

6. Attendance Policy • Students are expected to attend every class and all other scheduled activities related to the course. • Students who miss a lecture, must make arrangements with colleagues to obtain any missed material and information. • Maximum allowed absence is 10%. • Any student who exceeds the 10% limit will be treated as per the prevailing regulations. EE345 – Micro-Controllers

7. Digital Systems (1/2) • Digital systems operate on discrete elements of information • Numbers (e.g., pocket calculator) -> “digits” -> “digital” • Letters (e.g., word processor) • Pictures (e.g., digital cameras) • Digital systems • Cell phone • Digital camera • Industrial process controller, etc. EE345 - Micro-Controllers

8. Digital Systems (2/2) • Some systems use continuous information • Analog clocks • Film cameras • For a digital systems to operate on a continuous data, it needs to quantize (digitize) that data first EE345 – Micro-Controllers

9. Purpose: control room temperature Digital thermostat Senses temperature and converts it to a digital representation Simple processor compares current and set temperature If too cold, heater circuit is turned on OK, but how is the conversion done? How is digital information stored? Digital Thermostat EE345 – Micro-Controllers

10. Digital Audio processing or storage of digital signal (e.g., MP3) EE345 – Micro-Controllers

11. Analog to Digital Recording • Microphone converts acoustic waves to electrical energy. It’s a transducer. • Analog signal: continuously varying electrical energy of the sound pressure wave. • ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) converts analog to digital electrical signal. • Digital signal: digital representation of signal in binary numbers. • DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) converts digital signal in computer to analog for your headphones. ADC EE345 – Micro-Controllers

12. Digital Quantization EE345 – Micro-Controllers

13. The Digital Audio Stream • A series of sample numbers, to be interpreted as instantaneous amplitudes • one number for every tick of the sample clock from previous example: • This is what appears in a sound file, along with a header that indicates the sampling rate, bit depth and other things • Each number is then converted to binary and stored in a register 5 6 7 7 5 4 3 1 2 5 7 5 7 4 101 110 111 111 100 011 001 001 010 101 111 101 111 100 Memory cell 3-bit register EE345 – Micro-Controllers

14. Building blocks of Digital Hardware • Multiple levels of “abstractions” • Digital system • Circuit board • Chip • Logic gate • Transistor EE345 – Micro-Controllers

15. Computer – What’s Inside? EE345 – Micro-Controllers

16. Datapath EE345 – Micro-Controllers