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Northeast Blend of Cultures: Past and Present Realities

Explore the rich history of Mesopotamia, the struggles faced by the Kurds, and the economic challenges in Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Discover the impact of the Taliban rule in Afghanistan and efforts towards modernization.

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Northeast Blend of Cultures: Past and Present Realities

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  1. CHAPTER 22SECTION 3 THE NORTHEAST

  2. BLEND OF CULTURES • EARLY CIVILIZATIONS LOCATED IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT • THE LAND HERE WAS ONCE • CALLED MESOPOTAMIA • WHAT TWO RIVERS FLOWED THROUGH THE FERTILE CRESCENT?

  3. TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES • THE ANCIENT CULTURES OF THE HITTITES AND PERSIANS BROUGHT THE USE OF IRON WEAPONS, ADVANCED FARMING, CODES OF LAWS, AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

  4. VARIETY OF CULTURES • LANGUAGES SPOKEN HERE INCLUDE TURKISH AND FARSI, AS WELL AS ARABIC • THE KURDS ARE AN ETHNIC MINORITY IN TURKEY AND NORTHERN IRAQ WHO HAVE FACED PERSECUTION • TWO BRANCHED OF ISLAM: • SUNNI (83%) TURKEY, IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN • SHI’ITE (17%) MOST IRANIANS

  5. STRUGGLES OVER LAND THE KURDS HAVE BEEN PREVENTED FROM FORMING A HOMELAND REFUGEES FROM WARS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN HAVE SETTLED IN IRAN CIVIL WARS IN AFGHANISTAN, STRICT GOVERNMENT CONTROLS IN IRAN, AND FIGHTING IN IRAQ HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE REFUGEE POPULATION. SOME REFUGEES HAVE LIVED IN CAMPS FOR OVER 20 YEARS.

  6. HERE ARE SOME PHOTOGRAPHS OF LIFE IN REFUGEE CAMPS IN IRAQ, IRAN, AND AFGHANISTAN

  7. A CAMP IN AFGHANISTAN

  8. NEAR KABUL ON A WINDY DAY

  9. FAMILIES HAVE LITTLE PRIVACY

  10. MANY OF THEM ARRIVE WITH ONLY WHAT THEY COULD CARRY

  11. THE CAMPS OFTEN HAVE LITTLE CLEAN WATER AND POOR SANITATION

  12. AND THE CHILDREN HAVE NO PLACE TO PLAY OR GO TOSCHOOL

  13. OIL FIELDS CONFLICTS OVER OIL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: EARLY 1900s BRITISH-RUSSIAN CLASH OVER CONTROL OF IRAN IRAN-IRAQ WAR 1980-1990 PERSIAN GULF WAR 1990-91

  14. ECONOMIC PROGRESS • WHAT ECONOMIC CHALLENGES DO THESE COUNTRIES FACE? • LIMITED FARMLAND • HISTORY OF WAR, CONFLICT, REFUGEES • DISRUPTED OIL PRODUCTION • POOR INFRASTRUCTURE • SUBSTANDARD EDUCATION SYSTEMS

  15. SUCCESS STORIES • TURKEY HAS DEVELOPED HYDROELECTRIC SOURCES AND HAS APPLIED FOR ADMISSION INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION • IRAQ HAS HELD FREE ELECTIONS FOR THE PAST 2 YEARS • IRAN HAS MADE STEPS TOWARD ECONOMIC GROWTH

  16. Watch this video for information about the Taliban in Afghanistan

  17. MODERN LIFE • SEVERE RESTRICTIONS OF THE TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN HAVE CHANGED LIFE THERE • WHAT RULES DID THE TALIBAN IMPOSE? • NO RADIO, TV, MUSIC • BURQA WORN BY WOMEN • ALL MEN HAVE TO HAVE BEARDS • NO SCHOOL FOR GIRLS

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