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Classical Greece

Classical Greece. Do Now and Objective. Write the following Objective in your notebook: Determine the causes of the Peloponnesian War, the outcome of the war, and the effect it had on Greek civilization

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Classical Greece

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  1. Classical Greece

  2. Do Now and Objective • Write the following Objective in your notebook: • Determine the causes of the Peloponnesian War, the outcome of the war, and the effect it had on Greek civilization • Read “Turning Point” on page 120 in your textbooks and answer the two Document Based Questions on the bottom of the page

  3. The Challenge of Persia • As Greek civilization spread throughout Mediterranean, came into contact with Persian empire to the east • Ionian Greek cities in western Asia Minor had fallen to Persia by mid-500s BC • 499 BC Athenian navy tried to help them revolt from Persia • Caused Persian king Darius to seek revenge on Athens • 490 B.C. Persians landed on plain of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens

  4. Battle of Marathon • 490 B.C. Persians land on plain of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens • Athenian army attacked and defeated Persians • According to legend, news of Persia’s defeat was brought by an Athenian runner named Pheidippides, who raced from Marathon to Athens • With last breath, announced “Victory, we win” before dropping dead • Today’s marathon race based on this heroic story • Battle of Marathon proved to the Athenians that Persians could be defeated and gave them new confidence in their city-state

  5. Persia Plots Revenge • Darius dies in 486 B.C., Xerxes becomes new Persian monarch • Xerxes vowed revenge and planned to invade Greece • To prepare for the attack, some of the Greek states formed a defensive league under the Spartans • Athenians built a navy • Xerxes led massive invasion force into Greece • Despite differences, Athenians and Spartans united by common goal of defeating Persian invaders • Greeks able to defeat Persians and take control of Aegean Sea

  6. Do Now: 9/24 • Read Pg.121 • Explain what life was like in Greece after the defeat of the Persians. • Pericles • Age of Pericles • Delian League

  7. The Athenian Empire • After defeat of Persians, Athens took over leadership of entire Greek world • 478 B.C. Athenians formed defensive alliance against Persians known as Delian League • Under Athenian leadership, Delian League liberated all Greek states in the Aegean from Persian control • Athens had created an empire • Under Pericles: leader in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C. who helped create democracy • Age of Pericles: height of Athenian power and brilliance

  8. Roots of the Peloponnesian War • After defeat of Persians, Greek world divided into two sides • Athenian empire and the Delian League • Sparta and its supporters: The Peloponnesian League • Athens and Sparta had very different societies and couldn’t tolerate the other’s systems • Sparta feared the growing power of the Athenian empire • Series of disputes led to outbreak of Great Peloponnesian War in 431 B.C.

  9. The Peloponnesian War • Began in 431 B.C. • Strategies of each side: • Athens • Planned to remain behind city’s protective walls and receive supplies from their colonies and navy • Sparta • Surrounded Athens, hoping Athenians would send their army to fight outside the walls

  10. Outcome and Effect on Greek Society • Weakened major Greek city-states • Ruined any possibility of cooperation • During next 67 years, Sparta, Athens, and Thebes (new Greek power) struggled to dominate Greek affairs • By continuing their wars, Greeks ignored the growing power of Macedonia to the north • This would eventually cost them their freedom

  11. Sparta had stronger army, Athens had stronger navy • Second year of war, plague broke out in overcrowded city of Athens • Killed more than one-third of the people, including Pericles • Athens continued to fight on for another 25 years • 405 B.C.-Athens’ fleet is destroyed • Within the year, Athens surrendered • Walls torn down, navy disbanded, Athenian empire destroyed

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