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Microorganisms in

Microorganisms in . Biotechnology & Ecosystems. Biotechnology is the use of LIVING things like BACTERIA AND MOULDS in industrial or manufacturing applications. For example, the yeast bacterium PENICILLIN has been modified to create human grade PENICILLIN.

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Microorganisms in

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  1. Microorganisms in Biotechnology & Ecosystems

  2. Biotechnology is the use of LIVING things like BACTERIA AND MOULDS in industrial or manufacturing applications. • For example, the yeast bacterium PENICILLIN has been modified to create human grade PENICILLIN. • Genetic engineering (also called bioengineering) is a process that involves altering DNA outside an organism for a different function, then reinserting the NEW ALTERED DNA INTO A HOST so the new product will be formed.  • Two processes: • 1. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY • 2. GENE THERAPY USING VIRAL VECTORS

  3. Recombinant DNA Technology

  4. Recombinant DNA technology is used to make: • HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE • Blood Clot Factors • HEP B VACCINE • CANCER TREATMENTS

  5. Viral Vectors

  6. Parasitism • 2 organisms of different species live together – one benefits (the parasite) at the expense of the other (the host) • Examples: • Streptococcus bacteria live in human tissues causing strep throat, scarlet fever and pneumonia. The bacteria gets the nutrients it needs to survive, while the host becomes sick. • Streptococcus bacteria in the human mouth digest sugar producing lactic acid that dissolves tooth enamel causing cavities

  7. Commensalism • 2 organisms of different species interact so that only one partner benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed • Examples: • Many intestinal bacteria live in a commensal relationship with humans • Corynebacteriumlive on the surface of your eyes consuming secretions and dead cells. This does not affect you or your health.

  8. Mutualism • A relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction between them. Examples: • Intestinal E.colilive in the stomachs of humans. We give the bacteria nutrients to survive, E.coli provides us with essential vitamins for survival. • Termites eat cellulose but cannot metabolize it without the action of protozoa living in the hosts gut

  9. Effective Microorganism Application One of the most effective uses of microbes in the environment is through AGRICULTURE. Effective Microorganisms (EM) are ADDED TO SOIL to IMPROVE SOIL STRUCTURE and FERTILITY, REDUCE DISEASE and the NEED FOR PESTICIDES, and INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY.

  10. e.gPseudomonas syringeis added to crops of strawberries to prevent them from freezing during the early months of their growth. The bacterium contain a protein coat that stops the formation of frost, so when added to the strawberry plants this keeps the leaves, roots and fruits from suffering ice damage.

  11. Pesticide Use & Microorganisms Microbes are also used as pesticides to help control insects, disease, weeds and other invasive microbes. e.gBacillus thuringiensisproduces a toxin that is poisonous to the larvae of leaf-eating insects. This toxin paralyzes the digestive tract of the larvae, and they die from starvation.

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