The Turks.

1. The Turks. • 9:12-21 Sixth Trumpet - the Turks AD 1062 - 1453 • Long duration - concerned with the surviving eastern Roman empire. • 9:14 Saracens to be followed by military power based near Euphrates in the east. • Four angels - military powers, myriads of horsemen, intended effect to destroy remaining Eastern Roman empirewith political death.

4. Attacks on Eastern Empire. • Tartar or Turkish races accepted religion of Islam rather than extermination, but did not absorb civilising influences of their conquerors. • Remained for centuries fanatical Mohammedans, horde after horde swept across boundary of Euphratean lands. • 9:15 Duration 391 years - ended in 1453 with fall of Constantinople.

5. Primitive Canon

6. 391 Years. • During the 391 years invaders succeeded by -‘Genghis Khan’ - Mongul power arose in India. • In N.W. Anatolia (Turkey) Ottoman Turks arose in 1301 gained first victory over Byzantines - in 1453 took Constantinople. • Political eastern Empire came to end; Greek Catholicism ejected from city - became Turkish capital. • Catholic Patriarch fled to Moscow - “Third Rome.”

8. No Repentance. • 9:16 Word for ‘thousands’ is ‘myriads’- Turkish cavalry described as, “being, both men and horses computed by myriads.” (Gibbon) • 9:17 Canon - new weapon used by Turks - Jacinth is deep purple - suggests bluish smoke of gunpowder, from brimstone constituents - indications long beforehand. • 9:21 In spite of calamitous fall,“neither repented they” .

9. The Ottoman Empire

10. Effects of Trumpet Blasts. • Scriptures texts were spread abroad by fleeing Greeks - coincided with invention of printing. • Effect of six trumpet blasts - destruction of three cultural divisions of imperial Roman Empire - still no repentance. • 11:15 At seventh trumpet blast Jesus will yet destroy false systems of religion - unless they repent - and “the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ”

12. River Euphrates