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Cell Reproduction

Cell Reproduction. Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis. Chromosomes. Cell Division. Cell Division is the process by which cells reproduce. information in the cell is contained in genes → genes code for proteins → proteins carry out cellular functions

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Cell Reproduction

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  1. Cell Reproduction Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis

  2. Chromosomes

  3. Cell Division • Cell Division is the process by which cells reproduce. • information in the cell is contained in genes → genes code for proteins → proteins carry out cellular functions • Each body cell that results from cell division must have an exact copy ofthe DNA in the original cell.

  4. Chromosome Structure

  5. ChromosomeStructure

  6. Chromosome Structure

  7. ChromosomeStructure

  8. Chromosome Number

  9. Karyotype

  10. Diploid vs. Haploid • Diploid (2n): a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair • Humans = 46 (somatic cells: body cells) • Haploid (n): a cell that has only one chromosome of each homologous pair • Humans = 23 (gametes:egg and sperm)

  11. Homologous Chromosomes

  12. Mitosis

  13. Mitosis • Mitosis: the division of the cell nucleus in which the chromosomes in the parent cell divide into two identical sets • In somatic cells (body cells), the number of cells is increased without changing the information contained in the DNA or the amount of DNA in those cells.

  14. Binary Fission • Binary Fission: cellular division of unicellular organisms that produces identical offspring

  15. Cell Cycle

  16. Overview

  17. Control of Cell Size • Cell Size (SA/V) • Regulatory Checkpoints - Enzymes

  18. Important Structures Equator Polar Fibers Asters Kinetechore Centrioles Kinetechore Fibers

  19. Mitosis in Animals

  20. Mitosis in Plants

  21. Cleavage Furrow & Cell Plate

  22. Meiosis

  23. Overview

  24. Meiosis

  25. Genetic Recombination • Genetic Recombination: the process that results in chromosomes being arranged in many different ways • crossing-over between homologues or chromatids • homologous pairs separate independently in meiosis I • sister chromatids separate independently in meiosis II

  26. CROSSING VER

  27. CROSSING VER

  28. Independent Assortment

  29. Meiosis & Fertilization

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