1 / 26

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery

Chapter 40. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery. Cancer. When cells divide and reproduce abnormally and have the potential to spread throughout the body, crowding out normal cells and tissues

lavi
Download Presentation

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 40 Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery

  2. Cancer • When cells divide and reproduce abnormally and have the potential to spread throughout the body, crowding out normal cells and tissues • One third of the cancer deaths in the United States each year can be attributed to nutrition and other lifestyle factors.

  3. Carcinogenesis • Initiation-exposure to carcinogen-initiators begin altering cellular DNA, remains dormant until activated by promoting agent • Promotion-initiated cells activated by promoting agents to multiply • Progression- tumor cells accumulate & grow independently, capacity for invasion & metastasis

  4. Cancer—Cause Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

  5. Cancer—Pathophysiology Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

  6. Cancer—Medical and Nutritional Management Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

  7. Tumor Node Metastases (TNM) Staging System • T- size of original (primary) tumor • N- node involvement (spread to nearby lymph nodes) • M- presence of distant metastases

  8. Treatment • Primary- definitive, indicates that it will be the only therapy ie: surgical removal of a small tumor • Adjuvant- usually treatment “in addition to” initial treatment ie: using chemo after surgery as part of treatment regimen • Combination- use of 2 or more therapeutic agents/processes for treatment • Salvage- additional treatment used in hope of cure to prolong life, in pt with recurrence of CA after initial treatment

  9. Prevention Factors • Energy balance and exercise • Fat • Protein • Fiber • Fruits and vegetables • Chemoprevention

  10. Prevention Factors—cont’d • Alcohol • Coffee and tea • Artificial sweeteners • Nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines • Method of food preparation

  11. Fruits and Vegetables • Appear to have a protective effect against cancer • Thought to be due to the phytoestrogen and phytochemical content of the plant-based diet

  12. Fat • Research, although controversial, has shown evidence that high-fat diets are linked to an increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon, lung, and prostate

  13. American Cancer Society’s Dietary Recommendations for Cancer Prevention 1. Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis on plant sources. 2. Adopt a physically active lifestyle. 3. Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight throughout life. 4. Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages.

  14. Pharmacological Agents for Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome and Weight Loss Management • Appetite stimulants • Metabolic agents and cytokine blockers • Prokinetic drugs • Anabolic agents

  15. Factors That Affect Appetite Reference: American Institute for Cancer Research: Food, nutrition, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective, Washington, DC, 1997, AICR.

  16. Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy • Chemotherapy —Taste abnormalities, diarrhea, constipation • Radiation therapy —Fatigue, loss of appetite, skin changes • Surgery —Fatigue, pain, loss of appetite • Immunotherapy —Flulike symptoms, decreased food intake

  17. Nutritional Implications of Cancer Therapy—cont’d • Bone marrow transplant —Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia • Severe oral muscositis • Graft versus host disease (GVHD) • Veno-occlusive disease (VOD)

  18. Marrow Transplantation—Cause Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

  19. Marrow Transplantation—Pathophysiology Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

  20. Marrow Transplantation—Medical and Nutritional Management Algorithm content developed by John Anderson, PhD, and Sanford C. Garner, PhD, 2000.

  21. Severe Oral Mucositis Following Marrow Transplantation

  22. Guidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy

  23. Guidelines for Oral Feeding During Antitumor Therapy —cont’d

  24. Macrobiotic diet Vegetarian diet Gerson therapy Kelley/Gonzales regimen Juice therapies Shark cartilage DHEA Enzymes Oxymedicine Coenzyme Q10 Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies

  25. Black cohosh Echinacea Flaxseed Ginger Iscador Milk thistle PC-SPECS Saw palmetto Soy and soy foods Teas Commonly Used Complementary and Alternative Therapies—cont’d

  26. Nutrition in the Etiology of Cancer • Epidemiologic research has evaluated the role of diet in the etiology of cancer in different population groups. • Diets contain inhibitors and enhancers of carcinogenesis. • Laboratory studies have served as models to test the effect of food and nutrition on cancer development.

More Related