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Nutrition and Cancer Prevention. Presented by James Smetaniuk, RD, CDE Registered Dietitian Allan Blair Cancer Centre. Quick Look. Cancer Prevention Basics What can we control What Role does food play in prevention Nutrition after diagnosis. Cancer Prevention.
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Nutrition and Cancer Prevention Presented by James Smetaniuk, RD, CDE Registered Dietitian Allan Blair Cancer Centre
Quick Look Cancer Prevention Basics What can we control What Role does food play in prevention Nutrition after diagnosis
Cancer Prevention • About 1/3 of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle choices • There is no one food to eat • There is no one exercise to do • It’s overall lifestyle choices
Cancer Prevention Adapted from the American Institute for Cancer Reasearch Weight Diet Physical Activity Cancer Prevention
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Do not smoke or chew tobacco Be sun smart
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Be as lean as possible 30 minsphysical activity everyday.
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Avoid sugary drinks and energy dense foods. Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes Limit red meats and avoid processed meats
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention • Limit alcohol • 2 drinks/day for men, 1 drink/day for women • Limit salt and processed foods
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Don’t use supplements to protect against cancer Breastfeed exclusively to 6 months After treatment, same guidelines apply to cancer survivors.
Foods Can Fight Cancer…. • Directly • Individual vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals have anti-cancer effects • Synergy of compounds in overall diet that have the biggest protective effect • Indirectly • Excess body fat increases the risk of seven cancers • Vegetables and fruits are low in calories • Whole grain and beans are rich in fibre and moderate in calories • Fill 2/3 of you plate with vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans
Cancer Prevention and Diet ADD Cancer protective foods SUBTRACT foods that increase risk REPLACE large portions of calorie dense foods
Phytochemicals – the Cancer Fighters in our Foods • Phytochemicals – naturally occurring plant chemicals • Provide colour, flavour, odour • Influence chemical processes in the body • Thousands have been identified
Phytochemicals can…. Stimulate immune system Block carcinogens Reduce inflammation Prevent DNA damage and help repair Reduce oxidative cell damage Slow the growth of cancer cells Trigger death of damaged cells Regulate hormones
Foods that Fight Apples Blueberries Broccoli and cruciferous veg Cherries Coffee Cranberries Flaxseed Grapefruit Legumes (dry beans, peas, lentils)
Foods that Fight Soy Squash (winter) Walnuts Whole grains Berries Dark leafy greens Garlic Grapes and grape juice Green Tea Tomatoes
Foods that Fight • Herbs, Spices and Tea • Turmeric • Ginger • Saffron • Tea
What Does it Mean? Eat a variety of vegetables and fruits, whole grains and beans Brightly coloured and strongly flavoured vegetables and fruits are best source of phytochemicals STICK TO FOOD SOURCES
Nutrition After Diagnosis Why is it important?
Incidence of Malnutrition • Up to 80% of cancer patients experience malnutrition during their illness • Why? • Increase in energy expenditure • Changes in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism • Decreased intake due to treatment side effects
Effects of Malnutrition treatment complications and delays hospitalizations response to treatment quality of life survival rates
Benefits of Eating Well Improve immune function to help fight infections Promote healing and recovery after treatment Prevent muscle wasting and maintain strength Provide energy to combat fatigue
Nutrition Goals During Treatment Maintain or improve nutritional status Maintain or increase current weight Manage symptoms related to cancer and/or treatment
Most Common Side Effects Decreased appetite Weight loss Dry mouth Sore mouth and throat Taste changes Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Fatigue
References American Institute for Cancer Research: Cancer Prevention – Putting it Together http://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/cancer-prevention/ American Institute for Cancer Research: Diet – What We Eat http://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/diet/ Canadian Cancer Society: Nutrition and Fitness http://www.cancer.ca/en/prevention-and-screening/live-well/nutrition-and-fitness/?region=sk LaMantia, J.(2012). The Essentials Cancer Treatment Nutrition Guide and Cookbook. Toronto: Robert Rose.