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Nobel Laureates 1991

Nobel Laureates 1991. Physics : Pierre-Gilles de Gennes “for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers”

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Nobel Laureates 1991

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  1. Nobel Laureates 1991 Physics: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes “for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers” Chemistry: Richard R. Ernst“for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy” Physiology or Medicine: Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann “for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells” Literature: Nadine Gordimer “who through her magnificent epic writing has – in words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity” Peace: Aung San Suu Kyi “for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights” Economics: Ronald H. Coase “for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy”

  2. Questions Addressed • What is Ion channel system? • How Ion Channel operate? • What was the technique developed? • Its Uniqueness • Recorded the electric current flowing through a single ion channel • Regulation of ion channel function • Existence of ion channels • Mechanisms clarified through ion channel studies

  3. Registration of the flow of current through single ion channels using the recording technique

  4. Patch Clamp Technique Patch clamp technique is a technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of individual ion channels in cells. The technique's use Electrode used in the technique

  5. Patch Clamp Technique • Basic Technique • Variations • Cell-attached patch • “Inside-out” patch • Whole-cell recording or Whole-cell patch • “Outside-out” patch • Perforated patch

  6. The genome of the cytomegalovirus is sequenced. Although this virus causes little damage to healthy people, it can produce serious retinal damage in those with compromised immune systems. Tim Berners-Lee in the summer of this year begins to install the World Wide Web on the Internet. Year 1991 events

  7. References • http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_clamp • www.answers.com • www.google.com

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