The GMES Marine Core Service and its in-situ data requirements P.Y. Le Traon (Ifremer) Outline

1. The GMES Marine Core Service and its in-situ data requirements P.Y. Le Traon (Ifremer) Outline Overview of the MyOcean project and service The role of in-situ observations EEA workshop on in-situ data requirements

2. The GMES MyOcean Marine Core Service

3. The Mission

4. A European Marine “core” serviceseeking for the “European added value” From GMES MCS Implementation Group report by P.Ryder & al, oct 2005 • Core Service : “the common denominator data for all users in the marine sector, in other words the information for existing & new downstream services.” • Users of the MyOcean core service are specialized service providers of the downstream sector.

5. Areas of benefit The MyOcean market covers a wide range of application sectors • Climate • Marine Environment • Seasonal and weather forecasting • Offshore • Maritime transport and safety • Fisheries • Research • General Public

6. Market Segmentation • The users, their requirements, their assessment Area 1 « MARINE SAFETY » (marine operations, oil spill combat, ship routing, defense, search & rescue, …) Area 3 « MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT » (water quality, pollution, coastal activities, …) Area 4 « WEATHER, CLIMATE & SEASONAL FORECASTING » (climate monitoring, ice, seasonal forecasting, ..) Area 2 « MARINE RESSOURCES » (fish stock management, ICES, FAO, …)

7. The MyOcean value … to market user’s needs • A network of partners all around Europe • A privileged link with first-rank users • EU agencies • Conventions and policies • A MyOcean « core user group » • A MyOcean User Requirement database EEA A MyOcean network involving all European maritime countries Partners networking 29 countries for user’s requirements Linking with Member States key services, linking with the Maritime Policy, linking with conventions HELCOM, OSPAR, UNEP/MAP, ICES, …

8. The MyOcean value The Global Ocean + 6 European Seas

9. The MyOcean offer • MyOcean will • “deliver regular and systematic reference information (processed data, elaborated products) on the state of the oceans and regional seas: • at the resolution required by intermediate users & downstream service providers, of known quality and accuracy, • for the global and European regional seas.” • Physical state of the ocean, and primary ecosystem variables • For global ocean, and main European basins and seas • Large and basin scale ; mesoscale • Hindcast, Nowcast, Forecast • Data, Assimilation and Models

10. The Production Units 5 Thematic Assembly Centres 7 Monitoring and Forecasting Centres Service Desk Global Ocean Sea Level Arctic Ocean Ocean Color Baltic Sea Sea Surface Temp. Atlantic NWS Sea Ice & Wind Atlantic IBI In Situ Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Models Observations

11. The MyOcean value … for the core service • A pan-European service desk, single and reliable entry point for users, connected to all production units in Europe • Open access • Free access • One single desk, one access point to the MyOcean pan-european information

12. GMES MCS and regional assessments • Operational oceanography (MCS and coastal downstream systems) provides new tools for an integrated (in-situ, satellite, modelling) regional ocean environmental monitoring (e.g. marine strategy). It complements and extends existing in-situ monitoring networks: • Synoptic and quantitative monitoring. Space/time interpolation of in-situ measurements. • High resolution monitoring and characterization of space/time scales not observed by in-situ networks. Optimization of in-situ observation strategy. • MyOcean already provides an easy and homogenized access to the relevant core information. Specific service for EEA (SLA): • SST, Ocean color, SPM regional variations and trends • Global and regional sea level, heat and freshwater content variations, sea ice extent and concentration • Assessments based on observations and models • Will be strengthened in MyOcean-II (inputs needed)

13. In-situ observations are essential for the GMES Marine Core Service GMES MCS = a service based on an integrated approach (satellite, in-situ observations, models) In-situ data are needed for: Satellite calibration and validation: without in-situ data, the value of satellite observations is (strongly) diminished Model calibration, validation and real time verification Data assimilation. To provide reliable ocean information, data assimilation is mandatory (as for weather forecasting).

14. Impact of Argo data on MERCATOR system • Two experiments performed over a one year time period: • REFERENCE run assimilated all obs (SLA, SST, T/S) • NO_TS run assimilated only (SLA, SST) Temperature : Rms of the differences between the in-situ profiles and the model 7-days forecast NO_TS REFERENCE 0 1.25 2.5 °C • Instantaneous development of large biases (0.3 °C) in the 300-700 m layer • Over time, at deeper depths, the model drifts from the climatology • SST data still constraint the surface layer

15. GMES MCS and the in-situ ocean observing system • In situ global and regional measurements are mandatory for operational oceanography and GMES MCS (including climate aspects). • Requirements for a permanent, global and real time observing system have been detailed in the OceanObs 1999 conference and have been endorsed by GOOS and JCOMM (IOC/WMO). There is a wide consensus on the system to sustain. Were revisited at the Oceanobs09 conference. • Regional enhancements have been detailed and are implemented through EuroGOOS and member states.

17. 600 participants, 36 countries, 99 Community White Papers, 47 Plenary Papers • Conference Statement • Calls on all nations and governments to fully implement by 2015 the initial physical and carbon global ocean observing system originally envisioned at OceanObs’99, and refined at OceanObs'09.   • (2) Calls on all nations and governments to commit to the implementation and international coordination of systematic global biogeochemical and biological observations. • (3) Invites governments and organizations to embrace a framework for planning and moving forward with an enhanced global sustained ocean observing system over the next decade, integrating new physical, biogeochemical, biological observations while sustaining present observations.

18. In-situ data – Global Networks Surface drifters Argo R. Vessels and VOS Moorings Gliders

19. From global to regional(EuroGOOS) scales

20. In-situ infrastructure for GMES MCS A (small) part of the overall infrastructure for marine observations Global and regional scales (coastal data are often useful for the MCS but they are mainly needed for / driven by downstream services) Real time data transmission capabilities Limited number of parameters : physical state (T, S, currents, Sea level, waves) and (when feasible) biogeochemistry (Chla, nutrients, oxygen)

21. EEA Workshop In-situ data requirements for GMES MCS Summary & Discussion on main gaps and priorities June 1st and 2nd EEA, Copenhaguen

22. Starting point : Main priorities of the MCS IG report The GMES MCS IG identified a list of priorities (MCS IG report): sustain the Argo network ~ 800 new floats to be deployed each year. The European ‘fair share’ of this is about 250 units. encourage the deployment of and collection of near real time data from automated observing systems such as XBTs, Ferry-box & CPR on research vessels and Ships of Opportunity. encourage Member States to continue to make marine observations that are useful for national purposes and, if shared in near real-time, would help sustain the MCS and downstream services. Specific examples include data from the tide gauge network and moorings. investment is needed in carefully chosen well equipped observatories at locations where data would provide valuable constraints on models.

23. Workshop objectives Review and update the main requirements from the GMES Marine Core Service and the main gaps compared to the present situation.  Analysis carried out for the different EuroGoos regional systems and for the global ocean.  Involvement of EuroGoos, ROOSes leaders, MyOcean and representatives from the main in-situ infrastructure components in Europe (Euro-Argo, EuroSITES, CPR, E-surfmar, gliders).  Based on the requirements and scientific/technical/organization feasibility, define a first list of implementation priorities. The workshop was organized by the EEA. The process and approach was supported by EuroGOOS who encouraged its members to provide inputs.

24. What are the main gaps ? 1. Organisation and coordination 2. Consolidating (sustainability) of existing in-situ observing systems 3. Improving the in-situ observing system (sampling, new parameters, new instrumentation)

25. What are the main gaps ? Coordination issues Defining the overall coordination and organization of the in-situ infrastructure for GMES MCS requires more work. Some general ideas : An organization and coordination of the regional components should be consolidated and sustained through EuroGOOS and GMES (EEA). A formal European coordination of the global component should be set up. A European link with international coordination bodies (JCOMM, IOC, GOOS, GCOS, GEOSS) should be formally established (Europe should reinforce this international cooperation) The overall organization also relies on the coordination of transverse networks: Euro-Argo component is already well organized (Euro-Argo ERIC). Same holds for CPR and E-Surfmar. Euro-Sites could also rapidly evolve towards a more stable organization. Same holds for FerryBoxes. Work in progress for gliders.

26. What are our main gaps ? 2. Consolidating (sustainability) One of the key main gaps in marine observations is the lack of sustained funding. An inter-governmental coordination to define and monitor long-term commitments at member states and European Union (EU) levels for the in-situ data needed by the GMES MCS as well as other uses is required. It should seek long term agreements between member states and the EU to consolidate the observing systems and agree on a common open (unrestricted) data policy. A co-funding mechanism (EU and member states) could be set up for the pan-European components of the in-situ observing systems and to address common issues as well as to evolve the technologies. There is a need for clarifying and streamlining the EU funding approach, especially regarding the transition between initial funding through EU research infrastructure mechanisms and sustainable approach ensuring the long-term maintenance and continuity of observations.

27. What are our main gaps ? 3. Improving the system (sampling, new parameters, new instrumentation) Improvements for better sampling (e.g. increase European contribution to Argo, new EuroSites moorings or FerryBox lines) New measurements (e.g. more biogeochemical observations). Strongly encourage the near real time transmission of data from open sea and coastal research vessels (EuroFleets EU project). WE CRITICALLY NEED MORE DATA!

28. In-situ infrastructure - cost estimations A precise costing estimation for a given regional sea is a difficult task as it involves many actors and the maturity and level coordination differs among regions and countries. Costs for a given region range from 5 to 15 Meuros/years with a total cost for all EuroGoos regions of about 40 Meuros/year. A significant part if these costs is not sustained. Analyses suggest that an additional funding of 10 to 15 Meuros/year is required to fulfill GMES MCS needs. Costs for components are easier to derive, in particular, for well defined components such as Euro-Argo, EuroSites and CPR. The overall cost is estimated to 25 Meuros/year with a future requirement of 40 Meuros/year. Given Euro-Argo and EuroSITES estimations, it is estimated that the European contribution to the global international system should be augmented by about 10 Meuros/year. The overall cost for the observing system required by the GMES MCS is estimated to be about 50 to 60 Meuros with a future requirement of 70 to 80 Meuros.

29. COSTs/year of in-situ infrastructure required by GMES MCS Estimation of existing and future costs (per year) for in-situ observing systems required by the GMES Marine Core Service. Does not include ship time and research vessel costs. Total cost for regional seas and global ocean is estimated to about 50 to 60 Meuros/year with a requirement of 70 to 80 Meuros.

30. Preliminary propositions for European short-term or mid-term funding If a direct EU funding is set up through GMES, it should be used to co-fund transnational (pan-european) systems for the most important priorities. The following list provides a series of preliminary propositions: • Short-term (from 2011) • Euro-Argo • Euro-Sites • Support for new or improvement (new parameters incl. CPR) of Ferrybox transnational lines • MCS in-situ TAC • Mid-term (from 2013) • Euro-Argo, Euro-Sites, FerryBox and in-situ TAC (see above) • Contribution to E-Surfmar (drifters) • Glider transnational lines (co-funding)

31. First version of the report – October 6, 2010

32. Conclusions MyOcean and the GMES Marine Core Service provides new European services for global and regional ocean monitoring and forecasting. New tools to address environmental monitoring challenges (e.g. Marine Strategy). Complement and reinforce national systems and services. In-situ observations at different scales (global, regional, coastal) are essential. Major gaps (sustainability, lack of observations). Role of GMES and EEA.