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Feedback: Negative Positive. Control. Input. Output. Processing. Noise. Systems Theory. t3. System. t4. t2. t5>>. t1. Temperature. Upper control limit. 7 0 C. Time. 5 0 C. 1 0 C. Lower control limit. Over control. Saw tooth Function. Desired Temperature.
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Feedback: Negative Positive Control Input Output Processing Noise Systems Theory t3 System t4 t2 t5>> t1
Temperature Upper control limit 70C Time 50C 10C Lower control limit Over control Saw tooth Function Desired Temperature ING BARINGS (Barings: the queen’s bankers) • 1782: £1M Munitions to British fighting in the war of American independence. • 1802: Guilders 13M Portuguese government reparation payments to France. • 1816-17: FF315M Reparation payments by France. • Nick Leeson: $1.4B, July 1992, new head clerk on the Singapore Exchange.
Feedback Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Noise Noise System Reaction System Reaction Stable system Un-Stable system • Fly-By-Wire • Rigid firms • Internet suppliers • Internet customers
System Architecture: Modularity Sub System B Sub A2 System Sub System A Sub A1 Advantages • Price/Performance • Scalability • Upgrade: compatibility • Customization: Plug in • Development • Parallelism: low Time-To-Market • Specialization • Layered Complexity • Reuse • Off-the-shelf components • Outsourcing • Disadvantages • Overspecialization • Waste • Standardization • Deterioration over time • Maintenance: • Diagnosis • Repair • Prevention (Redundancy) • Hardware: + • Software: -