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CEWiT + BWCI Overview 3GPP2 Vancouver May 13, 2009

CEWiT + BWCI Overview 3GPP2 Vancouver May 13, 2009. Bhaskar Ramamurthi Hon. Director, CEWiT Professor and Dean, IITM. Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology. Autonomous Research Organization Started in 2005 Supported by government and industry Industry support through BWC

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CEWiT + BWCI Overview 3GPP2 Vancouver May 13, 2009

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  1. CEWiT + BWCI Overview 3GPP2 Vancouver May 13, 2009 Bhaskar Ramamurthi Hon. Director, CEWiT Professor and Dean, IITM

  2. Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology • Autonomous Research Organization • Started in 2005 • Supported by government and industry • Industry support through BWC • 20 staff members currently • 8 Ph.D level • rest Masters’ level • growing at 50 % p.a.I

  3. Broadband Wireless Consortium of India Membership : 2009 Invited members TRAI WPC TEC CDAC, T’vum COAI, AUSPI Academic experts from IITs and IISc, TCE (Madurai)

  4. CEWiT Ecosystem Foreign Partnerships CEWiT TCOEs IITs/IISc BWCI

  5. CEWiT Research driven by Indian Requirements

  6. India needs… • “Wireless DSL” • Ability to provision various “plans” – different throughputs (due to different degrees of “over-subscription”) • Throughout the cell • Cell-edge nomadic user must get performance as per his/her plan, just as the in-cell user • Telephony on same subscription • 4G + GSM/CDMA or, • VoIP with QoS as in cellular service today

  7. Prevailing scenario • Spectrum • Limited Spectrum (5+ pan-Indian operators) • Re-use 1 is a necessity • With Fractional Frequency Reuse • Deployments • Urban cell sizes typically 200-800 meters; Rural - typically 15 Km • LoS to adjacent base stations from higher floors causes increased interference • Large fraction of urban users near cell “edge” • from SINR point of view, not geographical • Interference is a major concern for us • Particularly, given the Wireless DSL application

  8. CEWiT’s Research Focus • Interference Mitigation for cell edge users • Open-loop MIMO modes to enable cancellation of 3-4 strong interferers • Closed-loop mode to support base station co-operation for cell-edge users • Low-complexity Relays • For improving indoor (also “cell edge”) performance • For rural coverage extension • Related innovations in pilots, control messages, etc

  9. Wireless Broadband in India: 2009 • EVDO : deployment begun • 20+20 MHz spectrum available in all for voice and data • 3g1x Operators planning to roll out GSM also • May increase DO rollout vis-à-vis 3g1x • HSPA : awaiting 3G spectrum auction • Spectrum will also be used for WCDMA voice service • WiMAX (16e) : awaiting TDD spectrum auction

  10. CEWiT participation in standards • Active in LTE-A and 802.16m • Wish to participate in 3GPP2 • DO enhancements focused on India needs • 3g1x issues faced by Indian operators • Lean Base Stations • Indian Language SMS • RAN sharing

  11. DO Enhancements • DO must compete with HSPA, WiMAX by taking advantage of • Earlier deployment • Existing 3g1x infrastructure • Alreacy available “free” spectrum • Indian operators need • capacity maximization • lowest cost per bit/s and per Hz • Better throughput at cell edge • Interference mitigation • Better in-building throughput • “wireless femtos”

  12. Improving cell-edge performance • Interference mitigation at cell edge • Two-antenna BTS • Two-antenna terminal • Can we bring in techniques being considered in LTE-A and 802.16m? • COMP • MMSE Interference Cancellation • Relays with cognitive interference management • Wireless femto: not much use for wired femto in India

  13. Wireless Femto • Relay has directional antenna or beamformed high-SINR link to BTS • Relays signals to and from user terminals • Can be user deployed • Tx power controlled by BTS • Victim terminals minimized • Can give high bit rate indoors • Useful where conventional femto cell not feasible due to lack of wireline broadband for backhauling • Can even be L1 relay • With selective forwarding • Cost, complexity, and power similar to terminal

  14. Lean BTS • 70% of opex in India is power supply • Diesel gensets, fuel for 6-12 hour outages in rural areas • All BTS shelters have 1+ Ton Airconditioning • Need tower-top BTS • Better thermal mgmt in shelters • Innovations in BTS at standardization level • “wink” mode for night operation in rural areas • If night-time consumption can be reduced, solar power + batteries becomes more feasible • Backward compatibility is a key issue

  15. RAN Sharing • Passive infrastructure sharing already in place • Towers, antennas, genset, fuel, etc • RAN sharing • Same cabinet, same PA • Separate modems, data/voice streams • Common backhaul transport • Indivudual streams feed to separate core networks • New regulations permitting spectrum sharing likely

  16. Indian Language SMS A collaborative effort of CEWiT and BWCI

  17. Top SMS Users in Asia Sources • India – TRAI • Philippines – Pyramid Research (Communications Markets in the Philippines - 2009 Edition) • China – Ministry of Industry and Information Technology • Despite the stupendous growth in mobile penetration, India is lagging behind other countries in terms of SMS usage • Average no. of SMS per subscriber is almost 10 times higher in Philippines SMS Usage in 2008 No. of Subscribers in 2008

  18. Understanding the Numbers • A key enabler for high SMS usage in China and Philippines is the availability of good local language SMS support • Filipino is based on Latin character set, so GSM alphabet can be used • The inherent efficiency of Chinese language ensures that a 70-character Chinese SMS encoded in UCS-2 has more words than English SMS encoded with 7-bit GSM alphabet • With the expected manifold increase in the number of subscribers from rural areas, demand for vernacular messaging in India will grow • Better support for Indian language SMS can become a catalyst for growth of SMS usage in India

  19. 2 3 6 3 4 2 3 3 UCS-2 for Indic Language SMS • Indian language SMS can also be encoded using UCS-2 • The total number of characters in the above message is 34 (including white spaces and full-stop) • With UCS-2, the above sentence will be encoded in 68 bytes • Almost half of the 140 octets available in the SMS payload are used up • only a couple of short sentences can be accommodated in a standard-sized message • The same message in English reads: I wish you a happy new year. • Using the GSM alphabet, this can be encoded in only 25 bytes

  20. Indian Requirements • The changes in SMS standard currently being considered refer to ‘national languages’ • Assumes one language per country • In India, the situation is drastically different • The Constitution of India does not define a national language • 22 official languages are listed (each spoken by millions) • Multiple Indic languages must be supported by the standard • Indic character sets are totally different from Latin alphabet • Use of single shift mechanism with GSM alphabet is of no use • Locking shift mechanism must be supported • Bi-lingual usage (Indic + English) is common • Indic language tables must include characters from GSM alphabet

  21. CEWiT Proposal • We have a set of Indian language tables as per the following requirements • Conformance to 3GPP templates for single and locking shift tables • Use of character sets for Indic languages defined by Unicode Consortium • Support for bi-lingual messaging (Indic + English) • Support for easy transliteration between Indic languages • A total of 21 languages can be supported using the 9 tables

  22. Backward Compatibility • As per the standard • A non-supporting receiving entity will ignore the National Language Information Element, and decode the message contents using the GSM 7 bit default alphabet table • The fallback mechanisms ensure protocol correctness • A legacy handset that receives a message encoded using an Indic language will be able to decode the SMS but the final output displayed may not be meaningful

  23. Backward Compatibility Solution • Outcome: The output on legacy handset is mostly gibberish except for English words in the original message • Solution: Provide a software application on the legacy device that can decode any received messages that use new encoding • Fairly simple software with moderate memory and processing requirements

  24. Current Status • A formal change request was submitted to 3GPP in February 2009 • Discussed in CT1 meeting • Concerns have been raised by some vendors regarding the backward compatibility • The matter being taken up by the Systems and Architecture Working Group of 3GPP during its meeting from May 11-15

  25. BWCI Study Groups CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  26. WG4: Core Networks & Services • WG4 is focussing on 3 broad areas (spanning multiple air interface technologies) • Evolved IP Services • Layer 3 Radio Protocols • Transport Networks and Evolution CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  27. WG4 Study Groups Transport Network Evolution 3G Deployment Issues End-to-end QoS BWA Network Reference Model Backward Compatibility for Indian Language SMS QoS Evaluation CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  28. TRANSPORT NETWORK EVOLUTION 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information

  29. Scope of work • The aim of this study group is to • Define backhaul requirements for 4G broadband wireless networks • Design the high-level reference architecture of an integrated, multi-service transport network • Key deliverable • Technical roadmap for evolution from currently deployed backhaul to full IP-based transport network CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  30. END-TO-END QOS 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information

  31. Scope of work • The aim of this study group is to • Define a framework for providing QoS in heterogeneous wireless networks (2G, 3G, WiMAX, LTE) • Define a mapping between PHY/MAC and IP QoS mechanisms • Key deliverable • End-to-end QoS architecture for multi-access broadband wireless networks CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  32. BWA REFERENCE MODEL 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information

  33. Scope of work • The aim of this study group is to • Define an end-to-end reference BWA network, decomposed into functional blocks/modules • Define the interfaces between modules clearly • Describe each module at appropriate level of detail • Key deliverable • End-to-end architecture of BWA networks, inclusive of external interfaces and relevant protocols CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  34. 3G DEPLOYMENT ISSUES 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information

  35. Scope of work • The aim of this study group is to investigate India-specific 3G deployment related issues including • Key drivers and challenges for successful rollout • Interworking with legacy networks • Service inter-operability across operators • Regulatory aspects • Key deliverable • Detailed study of the topics listed above in the form of a BWCI whitepaper CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

  36. QOS EVALUATION 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information

  37. Scope of work • The aim of this study group is to • Define metrics and methodologies for evaluation of end user and network QoS • Develop software tools for measuring QoS parameters • Perform QoS evaluation in live networks • Key deliverables • A methodology for QoS evaluation in BWA networks • Software for measurement and analysis of live data from networks CEWiT – Proprietary Information 10 September 2014 / CEWiT / NA

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