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Taxonomy

Taxonomy. I. General Information. Definition: the study of classification. Why group things? Makes it easier to find information on an organism. Makes it easier to identify an organism. Shows evolutionary relationships. Taxonomy. Taxonomy.

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Taxonomy

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  1. Taxonomy

  2. I. General Information • Definition: the study of classification. • Why group things? • Makes it easier to find information on an organism. • Makes it easier to identify an organism. • Shows evolutionary relationships.

  3. Taxonomy

  4. Taxonomy The science of biological classification, by grouping organisms with similar characteristics.

  5. Three Interrelated Parts of Taxonomy • Classification Arrangement into groups • Nomenclature Assignment of Names • Identification Determining Identity

  6. Plantae Bacteria Fungi Algae Plants Two Kingdom System(Proposed by Aristotle)

  7. Animalia Animals Protozoa Two Kingdom System

  8. Problem with Aristotle’s Classification System: If it was green, it was a plant regardless of other features.

  9. Five Kingdom System • Animalia • Plantae • Fungi • Protista • Procaryote/Monera

  10. Animalia • Multicellular • Heterotrophs

  11. Plantae • Multicellular • Photoautotrophs

  12. Fungi • Absorptive Chemoheterotrophs • Decomposers

  13. Protista • Unicellular • Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

  14. Monera(Bacteria)

  15. Six Kingdom System

  16. Three Domain System(Difference in rRNA and Cell Wall in Procaryotic Organisms) • Domain Eukaryae All Eukaryotic Organisms • Domain Eubacteria True Bacteria and Cyanobacteria • Domain Archaea Ancient “Extreme” Bacteria

  17. Taxonomic Hierarchy Domain (Carl Woese 1978) Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Family Genus Species

  18. Domains

  19. Carolus Linnaeus 1753 • Kingdom Through Species • Binomial Nomenclature • Bacillus subtilis • Bacillus subtilis • 3. Common/Descriptive Names • Tubercule Bacillus • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  20. Phenetic Classification • Based on Observable Characteristics.

  21. Phylogenetic Classification • Genetic Similarity and Evolutionary Relatedness Reflects Genetic Similarity and Evolutionary Relatedness

  22. Cladogram – constructed based on derived characters (ex. Segmentation, free swimming larvae)

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