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Chordates An Introduction

Chordates An Introduction. Kingdom Animalia - All inverts & verts Phylum Chordata : All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla : A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord

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Chordates An Introduction

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  1. Chordates An Introduction

  2. Kingdom Animalia- All inverts & verts • Phylum Chordata: All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla : • A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord • B-Cephalochordata (lancelets aka amphioxus). Retain notochord throughout adulthood, but “muscle- like” for burrowing • C-Vertebrata- Notochord becomes backbone. 7 Classes

  3. Concept Map Notochord Dorsal hollownerve cord Postanaltail Pharyngealgill slips/ pouches Section 33-1 Chordates have the followingkey features which is A flexiblesupportingstructure

  4. Chordates

  5. Phylum Chordata

  6. Phylum Chordata • Notochord • Gill slits or pharyngeal pouches • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Segmented muscles • Deuterostome

  7. Evolutionary Adaptations of Chordates • From filter feeding ancestors to active predators • Mobility • Oxygen capture • Digestion • Circulation • Nervous system

  8. Skeletal Changes • Skeleton becomes stronger to work with bigger muscles • Allows more rapid movement

  9. Oxygen Capture • Gill slit and muscular pharynx will move more water over gills • More oxygen is extracted from water

  10. Circulation • Stronger heart to circulate blood faster

  11. Digestion • Digest more food • Muscularized gut • Digestive glands • Liver • Pancreas

  12. Nervous System • More complex for better • Motor control of body to capture food • Sensory detection of the animals environment • Integration centers (brain)

  13. Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain Brain With Three Parts

  14. Figure 33–2 A Cladogram of Chordates Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Section 33-1

  15. Chordate Cladogram Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Nonvertebratechordates Invertebrate ancestor

  16. Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates Section 33-1 Nonvertebrate chordates (4%) Mammals (8%) Birds (18%) Fishes (47%) Reptiles (14%) Amphibians (9%)

  17. Chordate Subphyla Phylum. Chordata Subphylum. Urochordata Subphylum. Cephalochordata Subphylum. Vertebrata

  18. Sea Squirts

  19. Subphylum Urochordata • Sea squirts • Gill slits (pharyngeal slits) • Notochord • Only in larva • Adult has tunic- made of cellulose, sessile • http://finstofeet.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/1-2-behold-the-tunicates/

  20. Subphylum Cephalochordata • Amphioxus • Notochord length of body • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Gill slits • Segmented muscles • Maintain all chordate characteristics as adult

  21. Amphioxus

  22. Amphioxus

  23. Subphylum Vertebrata: All Vertebrates have: • Closed circulatory system • Bilateral symmetry • True coelom • 3 germ layers • Endoskeleton- backbone • Sexual reproduction- internal or external

  24. Homeostasis • Endothermic (warm-blooded)- internal temp. regulation that must be maintained Ex. Birds & Mammals • Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- external temp. regulation/ regulated by environment Ex. Nonvertebrate chordates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles

  25. Temperature Control in Chordates Section 33-2 Body Temperature (°C) Environmental Temperature (°C) 98.6 F- avg human temp

  26. How vertebrates maintain their temperature

  27. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Agnatha “Jawless” Fish (most primitive): Traits: -Sucker like mouth(no jaws) -No fins or paired appendages -Cartilage skeleton w/ notochord Ex: lamprey & hagfish

  28. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes-Cartilage Fish Traits: Cartilage skeleton; 2 chambered heart Lateral line system –detect vibrations (movement & sense) Paired appendages- pectoral and pelvic girdles Poor eyesight, great olfactory Carnivorous or scavenger, no swim bladder Ex: sharks, skates, rays

  29. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes- Bony Fish Traits: Bony skeleton; 2 chambered heart Lateral line system/movement & sense Swim bladder-control depth (buoyancy) Have operculum over gills Good smell and eyesight Ex: perch, bass, flounder

  30. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Traits: 1st land vertebrates 3 chambered heart Breath with skin/lungs Need water to breed Aquatic larvae; terrestrial adult No scales or claws Ex: frogs, toads, & salamanders

  31. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Traits: Imperfect 4 chambered heart Dry, scaly skin Breathe with lungs Lay amniotic eggs Ex: snake, turtle, lizards crocodile, dinosaurs

  32. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves-birds Traits: Down feathers for insulation Air sacs/hollow bones make bird lighter Lungs to breathe 4 chambered heart Beak & feet adapted for food/habitat Internal fert.,Lay amniotic eggs

  33. Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Have fur/hair • mammary glands • Length of time in uterus - gestation period • Give birth to live young (except monotremes) • 4 chambered heart • Diaphragm • Specialized teeth

  34. Placental Mammals: *Develop inside uterus *Ex: people(primates), cats, dogs (carnivores) • Marsupials: *Develop inside pouch *Ex: kangaroos, opossums • Monotremes: *Lay eggs Ex: platypus ,echidna

  35. Other placental orders • Chiroptera-bats; only mammals that can fly; nocturnal • Rodentia-gnawing mammals with long incisor teeth. Ex: rats, squirrels, porcupines, rabbits • Insectivora-long snout. Ex: shrews, moles • Cetacea-Whales, dolphins

  36. Terms to know • Imprinting • Migration • Hibernation • Estivation • Oviparous • Viviporous • Oviviviporous

  37. Evolution • Change over time • Which Chordate class do you think has more advantages/adaptations to survive changing times? • Which classes have disadvantages? • Which Chordate classes can you see evolutionary similarities in so far?

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