Intro to Cells

1. Intro to Cells TPJ 3M Heath Care Nicole Klement

2. What is a Cell? • Latin for ““small room” • A cell is the functional and structural unit of all living organisms • What is Considered a ““Living” organism? • Found as early as 1632 by Antony van Leeuwenhoek • The Cell Theory ----1839 by the German botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden and German physiologist Theodore Schwann

3. Types of Cells Prokaryotic Bacteria Archaea Eukaryotic Unicellular Protists Multi-cellular Fungi Plants Animals

4. Prokaryotic Cells • Characteristics • Old Greek for “Before nut (kernel)” • Unicellular (some multi-cellular in very rare cases) • Lacks a membrane bound nucleus • Lacks membrane bound organelles • Has a cell membrane (cell wall) • Has ribosomes (protein production) • Circular DNA

5. Example of a Prokaryotic Cell

6. Bacteria • Greek for “small stick ” • Most Abundant Organism • Found in all environments • Many are Beneficial to Everyday Needs • Some are Pathogens (can make you sick) • Move by Flagella or by Gliding • Asexual Reproduction

7. Bacteria – E.Coli

8. Archaea • Greek for ““old ones”” • Identified in 1977 by Carl Woese of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and George Fox • Extremophiles (like extreme conditions) • Mesophiles • Found in Living Organisms • Two Groups: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota

9. Archaebacteria in Yellowstone Geisers

10. Kingdoms

11. Eukaryotes • Unicellular (ex: Protists) • Multicellular (ex: fungi, plants, animals) • Membrane bound nucleus • Contain Organelles • Linear DNA

12. Example of a Eukaryotic Cell

13. Protists Categories of Protists: Protozoa Animal like Motile Feed by Phagocytosis Algae Plant like Uses photosynthesis for its nutrients Some motile, some are not

14. Fungi • All come from a common ancestor • Thought to be more related to animals then plants • Most are symbiotic • Lack organs • Reproduce sexually or asexually • Many are used in everyday human life

15. Example; Fungi Cell

16. Plant Cells • Has a cell wall made of cellulose • Has a large central vacuole • Can photosynthesize • Contains Chloroplasts which contain Chlorophyll • The cells differentiate in to dermal tissue, vascular tissue, or ground tissue or tissue

17. Plant cell

18. Example of a Plant Cell

19. Animal Cells • Unicellular and Multicellular • Lacks a Cell Wall and Chloroplasts • Small Vacuoles • Appear spherical in shape • Contains a variety of Organelles

20. Example of an Animal Cell

21. Typical Eukaryotic Animal Cell

22. Different types of animal cells Red blood cell - human Cheek cell- human Heart cell- beating Eye cell Sperm Cell Breast Cancer

23. Viruses: the exception • Latin for ““poison”” • Does not meet all the criteria of “Life” • Not made up of cells • Contains DNA or RNA, but not usually both • Require a host to replicate • Causes the common cold, the flu, chickenpox, • AIDs, Bird flu • Many techological uses

24. Example: Virus cell

25. Types of Eukaryotic Cell Somatic Cells • Greek for ““body’’ • All cells in the body except the sex cells • Found in the bones, skin, organs, tissues, blood • Reproduce by Mitosis Germ Cells • The Sex Cells (Sperm and Ova) • Somatic cells • Reproduce by Meiosis

26. Cells Part 1- Research a Cell Type • Pick one of the following types of cells: • Prokaryotic (Bacteria, Archaea) • Eukaryotic Unicellular (Protists) Multicellular (Fungi, Plant, Animal) Use your biological drawing skills to summarize the main parts of your chosen cell. You will be asked to contribute your labeled drawing to the class’ notes. You may use any textbook or internet resource (that is reputable) – I suggest: Cellsalive; http://www.cellsalive.com/gallery.htm Part 2 – Comparing the different cell types As a group we will pool our knowledge in a discussion and create a flow chart comparing the various cell types. Your knowledge for part one will be important here.