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Judaism

Judaism. Beginnings. Early history found in the Torah Hebrew Bible This is the Old Testament in the Christian Bible Details actual events and stories to teach lessons. Abraham. Shepherd from Ur God chose him to be “ Father ” of Hebrews Moved his people to Canaan

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Judaism

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  1. Judaism

  2. Beginnings • Early history found in the Torah • Hebrew Bible • This is the Old Testament in the Christian Bible • Details actual events and stories to teach lessons

  3. Abraham • Shepherd from Ur • God chose him to be “Father” of Hebrews • Moved his people to Canaan • Got to Canaan and in 1650 B.C. Abraham’s descendents moved to Egypt

  4. Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

  5. Yahweh • God of the Hebrews • Monotheism • Belief in ONE god • Their God did not belong to a single city • They could carry their worship everywhere • Had power over EVERYONE

  6. Covenant • Abraham promised to obey God • God promised to protect Hebrews • This mutual promise is called a COVENANT

  7. Move to Egypt • Because of famine and drought • At first, they were respected and given places of honor • Later they were forced into slavery

  8. Moses Moses Rescued From the Nile “Shepherd of His People”

  9. The Exodus

  10. Route of the Exodus

  11. Parting the Red Sea

  12. 10 Commandments • Given to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai • Basis of civil and religious law • New Covenant between God and the Hebrews • God would protect and the Hebrews would obey the 10 laws

  13. Moses and the 10 Commandments A new “covenant” with Yahweh

  14. Return to Canaan • Wandered desert for 40 years • Returned to Canaan • No longer were nomadic and settled down • Learned technologies from their neighbors

  15. Video Clip: Exodus

  16. Judges and Hebrew Law • Hebrews were in loosely organized tribes in Canaan and governed themselves • In crisis, God would raise judges up to take charge and unite the tribes • Live a moral life following God’s law

  17. Hebrew Law • Women did not have roles of authority in Jewish society • Commandments showed strict justice, but emphasized God’s mercy • Duty • Worship God and live justly with one another

  18. The Kingdom of Israel • Eventually, one tribe left – Judah  hence the name Jews & religion Judaism • 1020-922 B.C.  great period of prosperity

  19. King Saul • 1st King of Israel • Drove Philistines out of Palestine • Portrayed as jealous man • Died at the Battle of Mount Gilboa fighting Philistines

  20. King David • Saul’s son-in-law • Very popular • Established Jerusalem as the capital • Samuel 17:1-18:5 Daviddefeats Goliath with sling shot

  21. King David’s Empire

  22. King Solomon • Greatest of 3 Kings • Son of King David • Built Temple of Jerusalem – holds Arc of the Covenant (Moses’ tablets) • Solomon’s projects strained kingdom’s finances

  23. Solomon’s Kingdom

  24. King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan The First Temple

  25. Inside the Temple Tabernacle The Arcof theCovenant

  26. The Kingdom Divides • 922 B.C. – Kingdom splits in two • Israel to the North • Judah to the South • Next 200 years were turmoil

  27. Babylonian Captivity • 738 B.C. – Israel and Judah paying tribute to Assyrians • 725 B.C. – Assyrians siege Samaria, capital of Israel • Judah held on for another 150 yrs.

  28. Jewish Captives: 8c BCE

  29. Judah’s Destruction • 586 B.C. – King Nebuchadnezzar conquers Judah • Solomon’s temple destroyed • Survivors exiled to Babylon

  30. Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon

  31. Jerusalem Rebuilt • 539 B.C. – Persian King (Cyrus The Great) conquers Babylon • Allows 40,000 exiles to return to Jerusalem • Many Jews stayed in Babylon • 445 B.C. – walls of Jerusalem rebuilt

  32. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

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