Intro to Cell Biology Review

1. Intro to Cell BiologyReview

2. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg Looking at a drop of blood under the microscope you see this. Which of the characteristics of living things is this an example of? Made of cells Which of the characteristics of living things are these examples of? Reproduce Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm

3. http://www.animationlibrary.co Which of the characteristics of living things is this frog demonstrating? Grow and develop Scientists are worried the Bird Flu virus will mutate and become able to spread from person to person causing a worldwide epidemic. Which of the characteristics of living things is this an example of? Evolution; change over time

4. http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG Which of the characteristics of living things is this boy demonstrating? Grow and develop Your blood sugar is low and you stop at Taco John’s for a late night snack. Your blood sugar goes back up. Which of the characteristics of living things is this an example of? Respond to stimulus & homeostasis

5. Which of the following characteristics of living things explains why birds fly south for the winter? • Maintain internal balance • Made up of cells • Based on a universal genetic code • Respond to their environment D. Living things respond to their environment

6. http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterfly Which of the characteristics of living things is this butterfly demonstrating? Grow and develop People with diabetes lack the ability to make the hormone which controls blood sugar called ______________ insulin

7. http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/ani-turtle.html organism Another name for a “living thing” Particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge proton

8. Which of these molecules could be used to make glycogen, starch, or cellulose? ↑

9. glucose The carbohydrate molecule that cells burn to release energy is _______________. Give an example of a monosaccharide Glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose,

10. carbohydrate A monosaccharide is a ______________ Lipid nucleic acid carbohydrate protein Many genetic diseases result from the production of enzymes that are not shaped correctly. How could a change in an enzyme’s shape cause it to work poorly or not at all? Changing its shape can alter the shape of the active site so substrate doesn’t fit which affects how the enzyme works

11. Describes molecules that try to stay away from water or other polar molecules Hydrophobic; non-polar Scale used to measure acidity pH

12. ↑ Which of these molecules is a protein?

13. Name the 2 kinds of nucleic acids you learned about. DNA and RNA Give an example of a polysaccharide Cellulose, glycogen, starch

14. enzymes Proteins that help chemical reactions happen faster = ___________ Enzymes work by ____________ the activation energy required toget a chemical reaction started. increasing decreasing decreasing

15. cellulose Structural polysaccharide used to make plants sturdy Special kind of nucleotide used by cells to store the energy released from burning glucose. ATP RIBOSE Image by Riedell

16. heterotroph A human is a(n) ______________. autotroph heterotroph Name 5 of the characteristics of ALL living things. Made of cells Reproduce Take in and use materials and energy Maintain stable internal conditions (homeostasis) Grow and develop Respond to environment Have a universal genetic code As a group, change over time

17. Green plant Give an example of an autotroph. The hereditary information in all living things is in the form of a large molecule called __________________________. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

18. Which of these molecules stores genetic info? ↑

19. C Na+ Give the chemical symbol for each: Carbon _____ Sodium ion ____ Oxygen _____ Potassium ion ___ Nitrogen ____ Chloride ion ___ Phosphorus ____ Calcium ion ___ Hydrogen ___ Hydrogen ion ___ Sulphur ___ O K+ N Cl- P Ca++ H H+ S

20. What ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms is seen in carbohydrates? 1:2:1; 1 carbon:2 hydrogen:1 oxygen What is the chemical formula for water? H2O

21. Any animal (including humans), Most bacteria Give an example of a heterotroph The 3 smaller particles found inside atoms are ____________, _____________. and _____________. neutrons protons electrons

22. http://www.usd116.org/apalla/biology/unit3/notes/3notes1.htm Name this reaction dehydration synthesis- Losing water to make a bond

23. An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world science A short DNA segment that gives the instructions for a protein gene

24. Good solvent (lots of substances dissolve in it) Can absorb lots of heat without changing temp (good for homeostasis) Makes hydrogen bonds (water molecules stick together) Participant/product in many chemical reactions (helps metabolism) Name one characteristic of water that makes it important for living cells.

25. consumer Another name for a heterotroph Atomic particle with a negative charge electron A signal to which an organism responds stimulus Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

26. Name the 4 molecules that are important for all living things Proteins, carbohydrates,lipids, nucleic acids Lipids that are made of many carbon and hydrogen atoms are_________________ Polar non-polar Non polar

27. Electrons __________ orbit the nucleus of an atom at very high speeds in different energy levels. Protons neutrons electrons What kind of electric charge do electrons have? negative

28. MOLECULES polar that have an uneven pattern of electric charge (more + on one side; more – on the other) are called ______________ that have gained or lost electrons so that they have an electric charge are called ______. ATOMS ions

29. HEMOGLOBIN that carries oxygen in your blood, INSULIN that helps cells store sugar, and DIGESTIVE ENZYMES are all _____________. Proteins carbohydrates nucleic lipids acids proteins Glucose is a _______________. Protein carbohydrate nucleic lipid acid carbohydrate

30. ↑ Which of these molecules is a phospholipid?

31. Name this reaction http://www.usd116.org/apalla/biology/unit3/notes/images/Hydrolysis.jpg Hydrolysis- (adding water to break a bond)

32. Unfolding that happens to a protein in extreme temperatures or pH that causes it to change shape denaturing Stimulus that comes from outside an organism External stimulus

33. Which of these molecules is an amino acid ? Look closely! They all are. Look for the groupson the center carbon: Amino, carboxyl,R

34. If you want to make RNA which nitrogen bases CAN’T be used in the#1 spot? #1 #3 NO THYMINE (T) #2

35. Which of the following is TRUE? Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. RNA molecules are made of nucleotides. Amino acids are made of proteins Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are made of glucose. F Simple sugars are monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are complex carbo’s made of many sugars. TRUE F Proteins are made of amino acids TRUE

36. Which of these molecules combines with proteins to make cell membranes? ↑

37. D. monomers In polymerization, complex molecules are formed by the joining together of _______________ A. macromolecules B. carbohydrates C. polymers D. monomers

38. Which of these molecules is a nucleotide? ↑

39. The blue part ofthis phospholipid moleculeis ____________polar non-polar Non-polar The tails on this molecule are __________________ hydrophilic hydrophobic hydrophobic

40. Store genetic info (DNA) transfer info from DNA to cell (RNA)protein synthesis (RNA) Give a function for nucleic acids in cells Name an ion that’s important inliving cells. Sodium (Na+) Calcium (Ca++) Potassium (K+) Chloride (Cl-) Hydrogen (H+)

41. How many different amino acids are used by all living things to make proteins? 20 This gray fish is a(n)____________Autotroph heterotroph Heterotroph (Gets its food by eating other organisms)  Image from: http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

42. If you want to make DNA which sugar CAN BE used in the#2 spot? #1 #3 #2 deoxyribose

43. nucleotides The subunits that make nucleic acids are called _____________amino acids carbohydrates nucleotides Glucose, sucrose, glycogen, andstarch are all examples of ________________. carbohydrates

44. Carbon ____________ is an important atom to living things because it can form bonds with 4 other atoms at once to make chains, rings, and many different kinds of molecules. Name 4 of the 6 atoms important for making molecules used in cells. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, OR phosphorus

45. Double stranded nucleic acid molecule containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases found in chromosomes that stores genetic information DNA http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/sugars.html Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain polysaccharide

46. proteins Amino acid subunits join together to make _______________ Lipids carbohydrates nucleic proteins acids Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil are used to make_____________________ polysaccharides amino acids nucleotides lipids Nucleotides

47. If you want to make RNA which sugar CAN BE used in the#2 spot? #1 #3 #2 ribose

48. Name 3 of the many functions of proteins that you learned about Act as enzymesTransport (Help move substances in & out of cells) Help synthesize other proteins (part of ribosomes) Movement (make up cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella) Act as hormones (insulin)Help cells recognize self (glycoproteins)Structural (make cell membranes) Fight germs (antibodies)carry oxygen in blood cells (hemoglobin)control blood sugar (insulin)

49. Which of these molecules is a carbohydrate? ↑

50. Burn for energyStore energy for laterStructural (cellulose makes plants sturdy) Cell ID (part of glycoproteins) Name a function of carbohydrates in cells.