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CIM

Computer Integrated Manufacturing. CIM. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to monitor and control most aspects of manufacturing. Computers link design and production operations with purchasing, inventory, shipping, sales, accounting, and payroll.

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CIM

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  1. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CIM • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to monitor and control most aspects of manufacturing. • Computers link design and production operations with purchasing, inventory, shipping, sales, accounting, and payroll.

  2. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Why use CIM? • Responsiveness to rapid changes in market demand and product changes. • Better use of materials, machinery, personnel, reduction in inventory. • Better control of the total manufacturing operation. • Manufacturing High-Quality Products at Low Cost.

  3. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAD • Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and software to make accurate drawings of parts and products. • CAD can show what the product will look like, how it should be made, how it will work, and what materials it will be made of.

  4. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAD History • CAD research began in the 1960.s in the automotive and aerospace industries (General Motors, McDonnell Douglas)‏ • In 1963, Ivan Sutherland developed the first sketch pad for manipulating computer graphics. As computers have become faster and more powerful, CAD software packages have become commonplace in the modern industrial workplace.

  5. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAD History • Boeing’s 777 airplane was designed entirely on computer, without the construction of an initial prototype

  6. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAD Packages • AutoCAD • ProEngineer • Ideas • SolidWorks • Unigraphics • Others

  7. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAM • Computers are also used to operate and control many machines and processes used in manufacturing. • CAD drawings may sometimes be directly input into a CAM system.

  8. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAM History • In the 1950.s MIT demonstrated the numerical control of a machine using a computer language called Automatically • Programmed Tool (APT). • Numerically Controlled (NC) machinery has been developed to perform a diverse array of operations, such as milling and turning.

  9. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAM History • Other techniques for prototyping include stereo-lithography, lamination methods, and selective laser sintering . • More advanced machining cells have been developed that integrated many of these machining functions

  10. Computer Integrated Manufacturing CNC • Computer numerical control (CNC) uses computer-controlled machines to perform a series of operations over and over. • Drilling, milling, and lathes are often controlled by CNC programming. • CNC machines are reprogrammed to make different parts.

  11. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Advantages of CNC • Increased Flexibility • Greater Accuracy • More Versatility

  12. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Rapid Prototyping • Rapid prototyping utilizes a CAD system and a 3D printer to produce a 3-D model of a product layer-by-layer.

  13. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Motivation for Rapid Prototyping • Shorter lead times from design to prototype • Ability to incorporate designs from multiple locations • Potential for one-of-a-kind customization • Can increase precision and detail of prototype

  14. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Motivation for Rapid Prototyping • Provides initial testing of form and function • Can be used to create molds for mass-production

  15. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Rapid Prototype Process

  16. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Rapid Manufacturing The techniques are the same ones used for rapid prototypes, except that the process is repeated to make tens or hundreds of actual products for sale.

  17. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Characteristics of a Line Layout • Volume operation; continuous production • Capital intensive resources (equipment)‏ • Faster processing rates • Lower inventories • Less time lost to changeovers • Less flexibility • Low resources used; low volume products

  18. Computer Integrated Manufacturing

  19. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Production Cells A group of functionally dissimilar production capabilities (different equipment) located in physical proximity which are dedicated to the complete processing of given product.

  20. Computer Integrated Manufacturing

  21. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Characteristics of Manufacturing Cells • Short Lead-Times • Small Backlogs (In-process Inventory)‏ • Reduced Material Handling • Improved Quality • More Flexible Workforce

  22. Computer Integrated Manufacturing ADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Improved workflow • Increased operational flexibility • Reduced material handling • Improved quality

  23. Computer Integrated Manufacturing ADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Improved equipment utilization • Facilitates reduced setup times and tooling costs (Identifies families of parts)‏ • Flexible staffing and improved operator utilization

  24. Computer Integrated Manufacturing ADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Improved human relations • Workers respond positively when goals are apparent and attainable • Workers have a greater sense of importance • Labor productivity increases • Problems are continually revealed and solved by the “Cell Teams!”

  25. Computer Integrated Manufacturing ADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Improved/Simplified Shop Floor Control • Simplified paperwork • Less supervision?? • Accurate equipment and manpower requirement analysis

  26. Computer Integrated Manufacturing ADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Improved/Simplified Shop Floor Control • Facilitates Better Quality and “Quicker Adjustments” • Improved information flow

  27. Computer Integrated Manufacturing DISADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Reduced Flexibility • Imbalance of machine utilization • Equipment Cost (Duplication)‏ • Higher Skill/Training • Relocation Costs • Tooling/Support • Cost of Downtime

  28. Computer Integrated Manufacturing DISADVANTAGES OF CELLS • Traditional Methods of Cost Justification Don’t Work • Obsolescence of Technology • Potential of crippling delays due to machine breakdowns, operator absenteeism,etc.

  29. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing A systematic approach to reducing how long it takes to complete a defined set of tasks out of the conviction that “Time = Cost”.

  30. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing • Continuous improvement • Just-in-time inventory management (JIT)‏ • Teamwork • Work cells

  31. Computer Integrated Manufacturing

  32. Computer Integrated Manufacturing 8 Wastes in Manufacturing • Wait time includes setup, handling, order processing, storage/retrieval, rework, inspection, breakdowns, and unscheduled maintenance. • In most of manufacturing, value-added time is a small % of total time, and is scattered throughout the process.

  33. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Just-in-Time Inventory & Production • Designed to keep only the immediately needed parts on hand. • Saves costs because less storage space is needed and there are fewer unused parts. • New parts are delivered to the factory “Just-In-Time” to be used.

  34. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Just-in-Time Inventory & Production • First implemented in Japan • Eliminate sources of waste • Receive supplies Just-In-Time • Produce parts Just-In-Time • Produce subassemblies Just-In-Time • Produce and deliver finished products Just-In-Time to be sold

  35. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Advantages of JIT • Low Inventory Carrying Costs • Fast Detection of Defects • Reduced Inspection and Rework of Parts • High-Quality Parts Produced at Low Cost

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