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Fundamentals of Matter and Energy in Chemistry

Understand the properties and changes of matter, including physical and chemical aspects, energy, laws of conservation, and mixtures. Dive into specific heat, density, and separation methods to grasp key concepts in chemistry.

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Fundamentals of Matter and Energy in Chemistry

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  1. Matter-has mass and occupies space Properties: Chemical-exhibited by matter as it undergoes changes in composition Physical-exhibited by matter without a change in composition. Extensive-depends on the amount of matter Intensive-independent of the amount of matter Physical & Intensive:

  2. Chemical Change-one or more substances are either used up or formed and energy is absorbed or released. Physical Change-change in physical properties without a change in composition. Energy-capacity to do work or transfer heat. Kinetic Energy (KE)-motion Potential Energy (PE)-position, condition or composition. Release of Energy - Exothermic Absorption of Energy- Endothermic

  3. Law of Conservation of Matter-There is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical Change. Law of Conservation of Energy-Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change. It can only be converted from one form to another. E=mc2 Combined-The combined amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed. 2Mg + O2-----> 2MgO

  4. Chemical Changes P4(s)+6Cl2(g)----->4PCl3(l)

  5. Physical Change ChemicalChange H2 O2 H2O

  6. 8C 10H 2O 4N Law of Definite Proportions-Different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

  7. Separation of Mixtures

  8. SI=International System of Units Temperature = K (Kelvin) Time = s (seconds) Energy = J (Joule)

  9. % Composition Parts of A (by mass) 100 parts mixture (by mass) %A (mass)= Mass A Mass mixture 49.5 grams of Carbon 100 grams of caffeine 8C 10H 2O 4N 49.5% C 5.15% H 16.5% O 28.9% N

  10. Density mass (g) volume (ml) (density)= Specific Gravity (substance) (water) =Sp. Gr.= (water)=1.00 g/ml @ 25oC

  11. K=oC+273.15

  12. HeatTransfer (Amount of heat in J) (mass of substance in g)(Temperature change in K/oC) Specific Heat = Heat Capacity= (Csp)(mass) units=(J/ oC)

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