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MATTER

MATTER. SOLIDS-LIQUIDS-GASES Heather Martin, Chemistry Instructor, NMU June 24. 2009. MATTER. MATTER : Anything that has mass and occupies space Mass versus Weight = Mass : how much matter is present in an object

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MATTER

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  1. MATTER SOLIDS-LIQUIDS-GASES Heather Martin, Chemistry Instructor, NMU June 24. 2009

  2. MATTER • MATTER: Anything that has mass and occupies space • Mass versus Weight =Mass: how much matter is present in an object =Weight: measure of the gravitational pull on an object; changes with location; ex: person weighs less on earth than on the moon because less gravity on the moon • Volume: amount of space matter takes up

  3. EXAMPLES OF MATTER • Ask students to identify matter in the classroom O X Y G E N AIR • Ask students to provide examples of things that are • NOT matter • -examples: memory of summer vacation, emotion, sound

  4. STATES OF MATTER • SOLIDS 2) LIQUIDS 3) GASES AIR

  5. Gas SOLIDS Solid Liquid • Definite size (volume) • Definite shape unless a external force is put on it -Examples: Clay, Gum • Physical properties of solids are due to forces between molecules -Interactions between particles of a solid are very strong -Molecules in solids are closely and rigidly packed together which causes solids to have a fixed shape

  6. Gas LIQUIDS Liquid Solid • Definite size (volume) • No definite shape: a liquid assumes the shape of the container but retains its original volume • Physical properties of liquids are due to forces between particles -Interactions between particles of a liquid are strong -Arrangement of particles in liquids is close and random which allows molecules of a liquid to slide past one another • Not all liquids mix together - “Like dissolves Like”-liquids with similar molecular structure will mix together (ex: rubbing alcohol and water) -Immiscible Liquids-do not mix together because they have different molecular structures (ex: water (polar) and oil (nonpolar))

  7. Gas GASES Liquid Solid • Do not have definite shape or volume; gases expand to fill any space they occupy • Physical properties of gases are due to forces between molecules -Interactions between particles are minimal -Molecules are far apart and random

  8. GASES EXIST 1) INFLATING BALLOON DEMONSTRATION -acid/base reaction between baking soda (NaHCO3=base) and vinegar (CH3COOH=acid) -decomposition reaction: carbonic acid (H2CO3) formed in acid/base reaction decomposes to form CO2(gas) and H2O -Carbon dioxide gas produced from reaction inflates the balloon

  9. GASES EXIST 2) DRY ICE DEMONSTRATION -dry ice (solidified carbon dioxide) sublimes at temperatures above (-78.5°C) =sublimation: process of a solid changing directly into a gas -extreme cold causes water vapor to condense into clouds; condensed water vapor mixes with CO2 gas -soap in water traps carbon dioxide and water vapor

  10. GASES EXIST • FIRE EXTIGUISHER DEMONSTRATION • fire needs fuel and oxygen to persist • carbon dioxide is cold so it extinguishes the fire by cooling the fuel • carbon dioxide gas is heavier than air -as carbon dioxide gas falls towards candle, it displaces the oxygen which is needed for combustion

  11. CHANGES OF STATE SOLID LIQUID Timberlake, K. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2207: 237

  12. RESOURCES • http://www.ncsu.edu/chemistry/outreach/states_of_matter.html • http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/solids-liquids-gases/slg2.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1 • http://wa.westfordk12.us/pages/FOV1-0006DB0B/Garland/CP%20Chem/pdf/IMF%20notes.pdf

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