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Angiosperm origins and relationships of major lineages

Angiosperm origins and relationships of major lineages. Vessels and tracheids. Companion cells. Pollen. columellae. Carpel and integuments. Fertilisation. Development of Fruits. Cycads. Conifers. Ginkgos. Gnetaceae. Bennettitales. Archaefructus. The oldest angiosperm.

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Angiosperm origins and relationships of major lineages

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  1. Angiosperm origins and relationships of major lineages

  2. Vessels and tracheids

  3. Companion cells

  4. Pollen columellae

  5. Carpel and integuments

  6. Fertilisation

  7. Development of Fruits

  8. Cycads

  9. Conifers

  10. Ginkgos

  11. Gnetaceae

  12. Bennettitales

  13. Archaefructus

  14. The oldest angiosperm

  15. Early lineages (i)

  16. Early lineages (ii) Chloranthaceae Piperaceae

  17. Earliest Angiosperms • Perennial • Evergreen • Woody • Vascular bundles in a ring, • Vessel-less wood • Alternate, simple, coriaceous leaves with entire or sparsely-toothed margins • Lacking stipules • Lacking ethereal oils

  18. Earliest Flowers • Insect-pollinated • Radially symmetrical • Several - many tepals, spirally-arranged, free and distinct • Bisexual • Stamens poorly differentiated into anther and filament • Anthers with four microsporangia opening by longitudinal slits • Superior ovaries • Pollen monosulcate and often lacking well-developed columellae • Carpels fused by secretion, with an elongated stigma and a style poorly differentiated from ovary. • Placentation marginal

  19. Dicotyledons Embryo with 2 cotyledons Primary root persistent Herbs, shrubs or trees Stele cylindrical Pollen tricolpate Monocotyledons Embryo with 1 cotyledon Primary root replaced by adventitious roots Mostly herbs Vascular bundles scattered Pollen monocolpate

  20. Monocolpate and Tricolpate

  21. Anomalous Dicots • Flowers in 3’s or with numerous parts • Poorly differentiated anthers • Poorly developed styles and elongate stigmas • Pollen monocolpate or inaperturate • Ethereal oils in vegetative parts

  22. Magnoliaceae

  23. Lauraceae

  24. Piperaceae

  25. Nymphaceae

  26. A summary of the major groups that occurred in greater than 50% of the 1000 jackknife replicates (from Soltis et al. 2000).

  27. ANITA • Amborellaceae • Nymphaceae • Illiciaceae • Trimeniaceae • Austrobaileyaceae

  28. MAGNOLIIDS • Chloranthaceae • Magnoliaceae • Annonaceae • Myristicaceae • Lauraceae • Piperaceae • Aristolochiaceae • Ceratophyllaceae

  29. New Caledonia Amborellaceae

  30. Amborella trichopoda

  31. Amborella trichopoda • Shrubby • Lacks vessels • No ethereal oils • Radial flowers with 7-11 tepals • Dioecious • Ascidiate carpels

  32. Nymphaceae Victoria amazonica

  33. Nymphaceae

  34. Austrobaileyalesllliciaceae

  35. AustrobaileyalesTrimeniaceae

  36. AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyaceae

  37. Chloranthaceae

  38. Piperaceae

  39. Aristolochiaceae

  40. Lauraceae

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